Browsing by Subject "interoception"

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    Esophageal acid stimulation alters insular cortex functional connectivity in gastroesophageal reflux disease
    (Wiley, 2015-02) Siwiec, R. M.; Babaei, A.; Kern, M.; Samuel, E. A.; Li, S.-J.; Shaker, R.; Department of Medicine, IU School of Medicine
    BACKGROUND: The insula plays a significant role in the interoceptive processing of visceral stimuli. We have previously shown that gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients have increased insular cortex activity during esophageal stimulation, suggesting a sensitized esophago-cortical neuraxis. However, information regarding the functional connectivity (FC) of the insula during visceral stimulation is lacking. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the FC of insular subregions during esophageal acid stimulation. METHODS: Functional imaging data were obtained from 12 GERD patients and 14 healthy subjects during four steady state conditions: (i) presence of transnasal esophageal catheter (pre-infusion); (ii) neutral solution; (iii) acid infusion; (iv) presence of transnasal esophageal catheter following infusions (post-infusion). The insula was parcellated into six regions of interest. FC maps between each insular ROI and interoceptive regions were created. Differences in FC between GERD patients and healthy subjects were determined across the 4 study conditions. KEY RESULTS: All GERD patients experienced heartburn during and after esophageal acidification. Significant differences between GERD patients and healthy subjects were seen in: (i) insula-thalamic FC (neutral solution infusion, acid infusion, post-infusion); (ii) insula-amygdala FC (acid infusion, post-infusion); (iii) insula-hippocampus and insula-cingulate FC (post-infusion). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: Esophageal stimulation in GERD patients revealed significant insular cortex FC differences with regions involved in viscerosensation and interoception. The results of our study provide further evidence that the insula, located at the transition of afferent physiologic information to human feelings, is essential for both visceral homeostasis and the experience of heartburn in GERD patients.
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    Tier 1 Interoception Interventions in an Elementary School
    (2024-05) Oleshchuk, Oksana; Wasmuth, Sally; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences; Miller, Kari
    Interoception, or the perception of one’s internal body signals, is a building block for emotion regulation and may be protective against adverse health experiences. Interoception is not innate but is rather a skill that must be learned as a person ages. While elementary schools tackle many facets of development, there are minimal interventions to address interoception. The main site is an elementary school in a high poverty neighborhood that offers a large amount of support to students in many areas but did not have any formal interoception interventions. This capstone project developed a tier 1 interoception intervention, piloted the intervention, educated teachers on interoception, and presented the intervention to staff members to address continued use of the intervention. The program that developed was a 6-session program implemented over 6 weeks adapted from The Interoception Curriculum: A Guide to Developing Mindful Self-Regulation for use in the inclusion general education elementary classroom. The program showed weak quantitative evidence but strong qualitative evidence showing the program was successful at addressing interoception in the participating classrooms by increasing body awareness, vocabulary for expressing needs and emotions, and increasing related communication. Along with the success of the pilot intervention, facilitators and barriers to continued implementation were found and analyzed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Facilitators to future implementation were found to include the innovation, the compatibility, resources and connections in the inner setting, and the need of the individuals. Barriers to success included structural characteristics of the inner setting and the capability and motivation of implementing individuals. This project details the development of a tier 1 interoception intervention for elementary school students.