- Browse by Subject
Browsing by Subject "infants"
Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Daily Situational Brief, December 9, 2014(MESH Coalition, 12/09/14) MESH CoalitionItem Developing the Persian Version of Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale(Negah Institute for Scientific Communication, 2019-03) Darouie, Akbar; Joulaie, Mamak; Abdollahi, Farzaneh Zamiri; McConkey Robbins, Amy; Zarepour, Somayeh; Ahmadi, Tayebeh; Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, School of MedicineObjectives: Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT-MAIS) is a useful tool for the quantitative evaluation of auditory behaviors in different situations. The present study aimed to develop the Persian version of IT-MAIS. Methods: There was 4 main steps in the translation and validation of the scale, as follows: forward translation, synthesis, backward translation, and expert committee discussion. Then, the final Persian version of the scale was analyzed in terms of reliability and validity. The scale was studied on the parents of 17 hearing impaired and 17 normal hearing children. Results: There was a significant difference in the mean score of scale between hearing impaired and normal hearing children (P≤0.001). The internal consistency of the items was satisfactory. The Cronbach’s alpha for the overall score was 0.93. Discussion: This study suggested that IT-MAIS-F can be a reliable and valid tool for the evaluation of the auditory function of children. However, the sample size of the study was small. Thus, studies with larger sample sizes are recommended. In addition, test-retest reliability of the scale was not studied.Item Effects of congenital hearing loss and cochlear implantation on audiovisual speech perception in infants and children(IOS Press, 2010) Bergeson, Tonya R.; Houston, Derek M.; Miyamoto, Richard T.; Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, School of MedicinePurpose Cochlear implantation has recently become available as an intervention strategy for young children with profound hearing impairment. In fact, infants as young as 6 months are now receiving cochlear implants (CIs), and even younger infants are being fitted with hearing aids (HAs). Because early audiovisual experience may be important for normal development of speech perception, it is important to investigate the effects of a period of auditory deprivation and amplification type on multimodal perceptual processes of infants and children. The purpose of this study was to investigate audiovisual perception skills in normal-hearing (NH) infants and children and deaf infants and children with CIs and HAs of similar chronological ages. Methods We used an Intermodal Preferential Looking Paradigm to present the same woman’s face articulating two words (“judge” and “back”) in temporal synchrony on two sides of a TV monitor, along with an auditory presentation of one of the words. Results The results showed that NH infants and children spontaneously matched auditory and visual information in spoken words; deaf infants and children with HAs did not integrate the audiovisual information; and deaf infants and children with CIs initially did not initially integrate the audiovisual information but gradually matched the auditory and visual information in spoken words. Conclusions These results suggest that a period of auditory deprivation affects multimodal perceptual processes that may begin to develop normally after several months of auditory experience.Item Iron in Micronutrient Powder Promotes an Unfavorable Gut Microbiota in Kenyan Infants(MDPI, 2017-07-19) Tang, Minghua; Frank, Daniel N.; Hendricks, Audrey E.; Ir, Diana; Esamai, Fabian; Liechty, Edward; Hambidge, K. Michael; Krebs, Nancy F.; Pediatrics, School of MedicineIron supplementation may have adverse health effects in infants, probably through manipulation of the gut microbiome. Previous research in low-resource settings have focused primarily on anemic infants. This was a double blind, randomized, controlled trial of home fortification comparing multiple micronutrient powder (MNP) with and without iron. Six-month-old, non- or mildly anemic, predominantly-breastfed Kenyan infants in a rural malaria-endemic area were randomized to consume: (1) MNP containing 12.5 mg iron (MNP+Fe, n = 13); (2) MNP containing no iron (MNP−Fe, n = 13); or (3) Placebo (CONTROL, n = 7), from 6–9 months of age. Fecal microbiota were profiled by high-throughput bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Markers of inflammation in serum and stool samples were also measured. At baseline, the most abundant phylum was Proteobacteria (37.6% of rRNA sequences). The proteobacterial genus Escherichia was the most abundant genus across all phyla (30.1% of sequences). At the end of the intervention, the relative abundance of Escherichia significantly decreased in MNP−Fe (−16.05 ± 6.9%, p = 0.05) and CONTROL (−19.75 ± 4.5%, p = 0.01), but not in the MNP+Fe group (−6.23 ± 9%, p = 0.41). The second most abundant genus at baseline was Bifidobacterium (17.3%), the relative abundance of which significantly decreased in MNP+Fe (−6.38 ± 2.5%, p = 0.02) and CONTROL (−8.05 ± 1.46%, p = 0.01), but not in MNP-Fe (−4.27 ± 5%, p = 0.4445). Clostridium increased in MNP-Fe only (1.9 ± 0.5%, p = 0.02). No significant differences were observed in inflammation markers, except for IL-8, which decreased in CONTROL. MNP fortification over three months in non- or mildly anemic Kenyan infants can potentially alter the gut microbiome. Consistent with previous research, addition of iron to the MNP may adversely affect the colonization of potential beneficial microbes and attenuate the decrease of potential pathogens.Item “PSST…Period of PURPLE Crying…Pass It On”(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2010-04-09) Laskey, Antoinette L.; Parrish-Sprowl, JohnPurpose: Novel distribution of abusive head trauma prevention material to all caregivers of infants, not just mothers Brief Background: Abusive head trauma is the leading cause of child abuse deaths nationally. Each year, hundreds of infants are killed and thousands more are irreparably damaged when caregivers shake and/or slam them, often out of frustration attributed to infant crying. Evolving research has shown that crying, long known to be normal infant behavior, follows a predictable, age-related pattern and that what used to be thought of as pathologic crying (i.e., colic) is, in fact, an extreme end of the normal crying spectrum. Caring for a crying infant can be frustrating, and parents often receive good-intentioned but ultimately unhelpful advice, frequently increasing their frustration. Abusive head trauma prevention programs exist in many areas around the country and often target moms in the newborn period. Many states statutorily require abusive head trauma prevention despite the existence of little data to support the effectiveness of existing programs and no requirement for education of anyone besides the mother. Sadly, mothers are not the only perpetrators of this type of abuse. Fathers (or father-figures, such as step-fathers or mother’s boyfriends), babysitters, or other family members responsible for caring for infants have injured or killed infants in their care1. A truly successful prevention program should deliver the “crying is normal, shaking a baby can be lethal” message to all who may care for infants. Program: PURPLE is an acronym for Peak of Crying, Unexpected, Resists Soothing, Pain-like Face, Long Lasting, Evening. PURPLE is a DVD and booklet bundle that has been tested in a number of settings in the US and Canada and has been found to be acceptable to a wide variety of audiences of many cultural and ethnic backgrounds. It is easily understood and can effectively change knowledge and attitudes about crying in infants and the dangers of shaking a baby, and it is easy to deliver in a timely fashion to mothers with newborns. Currently, PURPLE has only been given to mothers, not to the other caregivers noted above. What Makes Our Program Unique: We are using a novel approach to disseminate the abusive head trauma prevention message beyond just moms to the other caregivers who might spend time with a baby. Working in partnership with Marion County Women, Infants and Children (WIC) offices and the Indiana University Medical Group-Primary Care Clinics (IUMG-PC), we are going to provide the PURPLE Prevention material to new moms and create a “word of mouth” campaign targeting other caregivers in their infants’ lives. Target Audience: New mothers attending one of the WIC clinics or IUMG-PC sites in Marion County. Based on the data currently available for the first 4 primary care clinics we are targeting, there are over 1000 infants eligible to participate in this program in a calendar year. Because this is a word of mouth campaign, there is the potential to affect even more as the message is spread to other infant caregivers. We are able to provide materials to both English and Spanish speakers, as well as the hearing impaired. In addition to the new mothers, the mother receives additional materials to “pass on” to other caregivers whom she identifies. Because our goal is to deliver this crucial prevention message to as many mothers as possible, the PURPLE kits are being provided to all mothers approached by our research assistants regardless of whether they choose to participate in this novel aspect of our program (the word of mouth campaign). Program Partners: IUMG Clinics, Department of Communications, Department of Pediatrics, WIC clinics Outcomes: Because this is the first project to propose using PURPLE for abusive head trauma prevention beyond the mother, it is crucial that we collect outcomes data. These data will directly lead to the expansion of the program to other arenas (both locally and nationally) or to the fine-tuning of the program to optimize success. Data to be collected will include a standardized knowledge and attitudes survey about crying in infants and the dangers of shaking an infant. This instrument will be used for the mothers, as well as for the word of mouth contacts. We will also report the acceptability of the word of mouth concept among both the mothers and the recipients of the word of mouth materials. Qualitative measures will be collected on how mothers felt about “passing it on” and what can be done to further facilitate this process. Likewise, qualitative measures will be collected from word of mouth candidates on how they felt about receiving the information and how they might be able to “pass it on”. All qualitative measures and survey questions on knowledge and attitudes will be collected through phone calls to participants using information collected during their clinic contacts. Discussion with Dr. Barr on planning and implementation has emphasized the importance of this portion of the project. The potential for widespread adoption of this word of mouth technique is enormous and there is much interest in the child abuse prevention community in the outcomes of our efforts. As noted above, we also will collect information on the number of mothers reached by our prevention program regardless of their participation in the overall project. Future Directions: The potential impact of this program is great. Because of the widely known gap in our ability to reach caregivers beyond the mother, the success of this approach will allow the widespread dissemination of this important prevention message. To the best of our knowledge (and Dr. Barr’s), this is the only project exploring how to reach non-maternal caregivers. Success with this program will lead directly to testing of PURPLE word of mouth campaigns among other populations of mothers (e.g., those in private practice clinical environments, hospital-based settings, infant care classes) and in other communities, including rural ones, around the country.Item What Are the Factors that Influence Caregiver/Parent Co-sleeping Education?(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2015-04-17) Williams, Katherine J.; Vodde, Cassandra R.; Hartman, Taylor D.; Stiffler, Deborah; Cullen, Deborah L.Background: In the United States, 13% of infants routinely co-sleep with a caregiver, and 50% of infants share a bed with a caregiver for part of the night. Co-sleeping has been identified as a risk factor for infant death by Sudden Unexplained Infant Death Syndrome (SUIDS). The purpose of this research was to carry out a systematic review for determining best practices related to education to caregivers on the risks of co-sleeping. Method: After a rigorous multi-database search, we accessed 100 research articles related to SUIDS from years 2002-2015 for inclusion for this review. A total of 20 papers related to co-sleeping and SUIDS met the inclusion criteria and were assessed for validity by a primary and secondary reviewer via standardized critical appraisal instruments from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Due to the articles’ descriptive methods, NOTARI (Narrative, Opinion, and Text Assessment and Review Instrument) was used to appraise, extract data, and thematically organize the findings resulting in meta-aggregation. Results: The data extracted included specific details for co-sleeping. We identified that a) educational, b) family dynamics, c) racial/cultural, and d) socioeconomic factors were the significant concepts that influenced the caregivers’ attitude toward co-sleeping and their likelihood to co-sleep. Heterogeneity for the study’s methods was represented in the results. Conclusions: Many caregivers and families that practice co-sleeping display resistance to education about the discontinuation of co-sleeping based on the belief that healthcare providers do not take into account the family’s personal situation. The caregivers are more likely to be receptive to advice regarding safer co-sleeping practices as opposed to omitting the practice of co-sleeping. Family-centered interventions and tailored education delivered by nurses should be identified. Caregiver safe practices for sleep, taking into account situational factors such as socioeconomic level, race, culture, and core beliefs, should be encouraged.