Browsing by Subject "hope"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    Can Hope and Optimism Interventions Be Delivered Online? A Pilot Study in College Students
    (2024-08) Ahamadeen, Naheeda; Rand, Kevin L.; Hirsh, Adam; Salyers, Michelle
    Hope and optimism are associated with many positive life outcomes, including better physical functioning (Cherry et al., 2017), less psychological dysfunction (Shanahan et al., 2021), and general well-being and better academic achievement in college students (Rand et al., 2020). College students in particular are known to struggle with a variety of issues and could benefit from increased hope and optimism. Interventions have been developed to increase hope and optimism, but these have largely been delivered in person. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of delivering hope and optimism interventions in an online format to college students. There was mixed evidence of feasibility, but results did suggest online hope and optimism interventions are acceptable to college students. Although 94.3% of participants were retained, only 23% of participants met the active engagement word count requirement across conditions, and only 52.2% of participants adhered to intervention instructions in the hope condition. Acceptability was met across conditions with most participants reporting engagement (89.6%), vividly imagining their scenario (94.3%), thinking carefully about the prompt (95.4%), and putting effort into the task (93.1%). Examining the preliminary efficacy of these interventions showed no differential changes in state measures across conditions, although there were overall changes for hope and optimism across all conditions. Thus, it may be useful to examine these findings further in a fully powered study to determine the efficacy of these interventions.
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    Clinical and Psychological Correlates of Two Domains of Hopelessness in Schizophrenia
    (2008-12) Lysaker, Paul H.; Salyers, Michelle P.; Tsai, Jack; Spurrier, Linda Yorkman; Davis, Louanne W.
    Hopelessness is a widely observed barrier to recovery from schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Yet little is known about how clinical, social, and psychological factors independently affect hope. Additionally, the relationships that exist between these factors and different kinds of hope are unclear. To explore both issues, we correlated two aspects of hope, expectations of the future and agency, with stigma, clinical symptoms, anxiety, and coping preferences in 143 persons with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Multiple regressions revealed that hope for the future was predicted by lesser alienation, lesser preference for ignoring stressors, and lesser emotional discomfort and negative symptoms, accounting for 43% of the variance. A greater sense of agency was linked to lesser endorsement of mental illness stereotypes, fewer negative symptoms, lesser social phobia, and lesser preference for ignoring stressors, accounting for 44% of the variance. Implications for research and interventions are discussed.
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    Early Identification & Intervention: Is There “Hope” for At-Risk Law Students?
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2014-04-11) Martin, Allison D.; Rand, Kevin L.
    Psychologists have defined hope as a cognitive style involving how people think about pursuing goals. Research by Snyder and colleagues has shown that hope predicts academic performance and psychological well-being among undergraduate students. Consistent with these findings, our prospective study of hope, optimism, academic performance, and psychological well-being in law students showed that hope predicted academic performance in the first semester of law school above and beyond previous academic achievement. Moreover, hope predicted life satisfaction during the last week of the semester. Thus, assessing for low hope in those entering law school may help to identify students at risk for academic underperformance and psychological maladjustment. Once low-hope students have been identified, legal educators can intervene by employing five strategies for engendering hope: (A) optimizing student goals; (B) increasing student autonomy; (C) modeling the learning process; (D) helping students understand evaluation as feedback; and (E) modeling agency. These strategies, derived from Snyder’s hope theory, are grounded in contemporary teaching and learning theories and are consistent with principles discussed in Best Practices for Legal Education. By identifying low-hope students early and intervening to improve their hope, legal educators may be able to improve their academic performance, enhance their life satisfaction, increase their bar passage rates, and, eventually, build a happier and more competent generation of lawyers.
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    Hope and Optimism as Predictors of Academic Performance and Subjective Well-Being in College Students
    (Elsevier, 2020-07) Rand, Kevin L.; Shanahan, Mackenzie L.; Fischer, Ian C.; Fortney, Sarah K.; Psychology, School of Science
    Objective Snyder's (1994) hope and Scheier and Carver's (1985) optimism have been shown to independently predict academic performance and changes in subjective well-being. This study seeks to clarify their unique associations. Method An undergraduate class (N = 334, 59.6% female, 75.7% Caucasian, M = 19.89 years) was studied at two time points in a semester. Students predicted their expected grade in the course and completed measures of hope, optimism, and subjective well-being (i.e., positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction) the first week of classes. The final week of classes, students completed subjective well-being measures and final grades were obtained from the instructor. Results Path analysis showed that hope, but not optimism, predicted grade expectancy. Grade expectancy, in turn, predicted final grades, even after controlling for previous academic achievement. Hope did not directly predict final course grade, but had a significant indirect effect through grade expectancy. Path analysis showed that hope significantly predicted increases in positive affect and life satisfaction over the semester; whereas, optimism predicted decreases in negative affect. Conclusion These findings extend previous research demonstrating that hope and optimism, while conceptually similar, have differential longitudinal associations with academic performance and subjective well-being among college students. Implications for screening for at-risk college students and employing targeted interventions are discussed.
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    Hope, Optimism, and Affect as Predictors and Consequences of Expectancies: The Potential Moderating Roles of Perceived Control and Success
    (Elsevier, 2020) Shanahan, Mackenzie L.; Fischer, Ian C.; Rand, Kevin L.; Psychology, School of Science
    Hope and optimism may be differentially influential depending on the situational context. This study sought to (1) experimentally test whether hope and optimism differentially predict specific expectancies in controllable versus uncontrollable situations and (2) examine the relative impact of specific expectancies on affect when desired outcomes are (or are not) achieved. A 2 × 2 independent samples design was used to experimentally manipulate perceived control and situational outcome (i.e., success or failure). Online participants (N = 571) completed self-report measures of hope and optimism before being randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions. Results showed that hope, but not optimism, predicted specific expectancies in the perceived control condition. Conversely, optimism, but not hope, predicted specific expectancies in the no perceived control condition. More optimistic specific expectancies of success predicted greater positive affect regardless of success or failure outcome.
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    RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOPE AND PATIENT ACTIVATION IN CONSUMERS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2012-04-13) Oles, Sylwia; Salyers, Michelle P.
    Patient activation (necessary knowledge and confidence to self-manage one’s illness) and hope (goal-directed thinking and action) are both im-portant in managing chronic conditions like schizophrenia. The relationship between hope and patient activation has not been clearly defined. However, hope may be viewed as a motivating factor, providing reason to be involved in treatment. Higher hope then should lead to greater involvement in care and feelings of efficacy in being able to manage illness (patient activation). The purpose of the present study was to understand the relationship be-tween hope and patient activation in a sample of adults with schizophrenia (n = 119). This study was a secondary data analysis from a study on Illness Management and Recovery (IMR) – a curriculum-based approach to help people with schizophrenia learn to manage their illness. Data were collected at baseline, prior to any intervention, and at a 9-month follow up. As pre-dicted, patient activation and hope were significantly related with each other showing a strong positive correlation (r = .57, p < .001). Comparisons of hope across stages of activation also showed a significant relationship (F (3,112) = 18.49, p < .001). Post-hoc comparisons showed that people in the lowest stage of activation had significantly lower hope than the other ac-tivation groups. Demographics and background characteristics were not sig-nificantly related to patient activation. Longitudinal analyses suggest that hope was a better predictor of subsequent patient activation than the re-verse. Our findings underline the importance of recovery based practices and instilling hope as a potential factor getting patients more engaged in treat-ment.
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    The relationship between hope and patient activation in consumers with schizophrenia: Results from longitudinal analyses
    (Elsevier, 2015-08) Oles, Sylwia K.; Fukui, Sadaaki; Rand, Kevin L.; Salyers, Michelle P.; Department of Psychology, School of Science
    Hope (goal-directed thinking) and patient activation (knowledge and skills to manage one’s illness) are both important in managing chronic conditions like schizophrenia. The relationship between hope and patient activation has not been clearly defined. However, hope may be viewed as a foundational, motivating factor that can lead to greater involvement in care and feelings of efficacy. The purpose of the present study was to understand the prospective relationship between hope and patient activation in a sample of adults with schizophrenia (N=118). This study was a secondary data analysis from a study on Illness Management and Recovery (IMR) – a curriculum-based approach to schizophrenia self-management. Data were collected at baseline (prior to any intervention), and at 9 and 18-month follow-up. As predicted, hope and patient activation were significantly related with each other, showing large positive concurrent correlations. Demographics and background characteristics were not significantly related to patient activation or hope. Longitudinal analyses found no specific directional effect, yet suggested that hope and patient activation mutually influence each other over time. Our findings add flexibility in designing recovery-based interventions – fostering hope may not be a pre-requisite for activating consumers to be more involved in their own care.