Browsing by Subject "global health"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 11
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    Causes of Child and Youth Homelessness in Developed and Developing Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    (American Medical Association, 2016-05-01) Embleton, Lonnie; Lee, Hana; Gunn, Jayleen; Ayuku, David; Braitstein, Paula; Department of Medicine, IU School of Medicine
    IMPORTANCE: A systematic compilation of children and youth's reported reasons for street involvement is lacking. Without empirical data on these reasons, the policies developed or implemented to mitigate street involvement are not responsive to the needs of these children and youth. OBJECTIVE: To systematically analyze the self-reported reasons why children and youth around the world become street-involved and to analyze the available data by level of human development, geographic region, and sex. DATA SOURCES: Electronic searches of Scopus, PsychINFO, EMBASE, POPLINE, PubMed, ERIC, and the Social Sciences Citation Index were conducted from January 1, 1990, to the third week of July 2013. We searched the peer-reviewed literature for studies that reported quantitative reasons for street involvement. The following broad search strategy was used to search the databases: "street children" OR "street youth" OR "homeless youth" OR "homeless children" OR "runaway children" OR "runaway youth" or "homeless persons." STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included if they met the following inclusion criteria: (1) participants were 24 years of age or younger, (2) participants met our definition of street-connected children and youth, and (3) the quantitative reasons for street involvement were reported. We reviewed 318 full texts and identified 49 eligible studies. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers. We fit logistic mixed-effects models to estimate the pooled prevalence of each reason and to estimate subgroup pooled prevalence by development level or geographic region. The meta-analysis was conducted from February to August 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: We created the following categories based on the reported reasons in the literature: poverty, abuse, family conflict, delinquency, psychosocial health, and other. RESULTS: In total, there were 13 559 participants from 24 countries, of which 21 represented developing countries. The most commonly reported reason for street involvement was poverty, with a pooled-prevalence estimate of 39% (95% CI, 29%-51%). Forty-seven studies included in this review reported family conflict as the reason for street involvement, with a pooled prevalence of 32% (95% CI, 26%-39%). Abuse was equally reported in developing and developed countries as the reason for street involvement, with a pooled prevalence of 26% (95% CI, 18%-35%). Delinquency was the least frequently cited reason overall, with a pooled prevalence of 10% (95% CI, 5%-20%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The street-connected children and youth who provided reasons for their street involvement infrequently identified delinquent behaviors for their circumstances and highlighted the role of poverty as a driving factor. They require support and protection, and governments globally are called on to reduce the socioeconomic inequities that cause children and youth to turn to the streets in the first place, in all regions of the world.
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    Digital ≠ paperless: novel interfaces needed to address global health challenges
    (BMJ, 2021) Kumar, Pratap; Sammut, Stephen M; Madan, Jason J; Bucher, Sherri; Kumar, Meghan Bruce; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
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    Exploring The Paradox of Increased Global Health and Degraded Global Environment—How Much Borrowed Time is Humanity Living on?
    (Wiley, 2018) Filippelli, Gabriel M.; Earth Sciences, School of Science
    Ample documentation of the global environmental degradation of air, land, and water paints a grim picture for the future of humanity. And yet by all measures global human health and well‐being have been improving significantly over the past several decades, including significant improvements in middle‐ and low‐income countries as well. The causes and consequences of this apparent paradox have not received the attention that they deserve, largely because they are measured and studied by different fields of inquiry. A systems approach that focuses on the drivers behind this apparent paradox of environmental degradation and human health improvement must include a combination of social and technological developments that have improved resource use, distribution, and innovation. But in many cases, such as phosphate resources and flying insect populations, the resource bank is not inexhaustible or replaceable, and priority must be placed for research and action on those critical resources upon which planetary health relies. Particularly, providing greater support and access to the table for youth leaders may be one way to create space for this first true generation of Anthroponauts to lead with solutions to our resource problems and to help build balance back into the environment‐health equation.
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    Global Oncology
    (AMA, 2019-06) Gopal, Satish; Loehrer, Patrick J., Sr.; Medicine, School of Medicine
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    Introducing Biology Undergraduates to Authentic Research through Grand Challenges in Global Health: Examining Environmental Factors that Influence the Development of Zebrafish Embryos
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2014-04-11) Sarmah, Swapnalee; Chism, Grady; Vaughan, Martin; Marrs, James A.; Marrs, Kathleen A.
    To increase student excitement and engagement in science, a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE) has been introduced in the curriculum at IUPUI. In Fall 2013, original research projects investigating prenatal alcohol, nicotine and caffeine exposure effects on development of zebrafish embryos was introduced into the Introductory Biology K102 course. This research project was also a part of a new Themed Learning Community (TLC) at IUPUI called “From Molecules to Medicines” that examined grand challenges in global health. In documenting the developmental effects on zebrafish embryos, and designing new protocols to address student research questions, students gained experience with authentic research methods, laboratory techniques, microscopy, image analyses, statistical analyses, scientific writing and presentation skills. This project, especially in a freshman undergraduate lab setting, requires a new way of problem-solving, but greatly facilitates student excitement and engagement in science through the use of research-based high-impact practices for student success and persistence. To continue an inquiry-based lab on global health issues and to keep IUPUI biology curricula current with the rapid rise of bioinformatics, concepts of bioinformatics were introduced into the Cell Biology Laboratory K325 course in Spring, 2014. Students were allowed to work on their own investigatory projects to analyzed zebrafish microarray data to find genes affected after ethanol exposure. Students used NCBI/ Ensembl databases to retrieve the gene/protein sequences, and various freely available tools (GeneBank, Protein Data Bank, BLAST, ClustalW, ExPasy, Phylogenetic Tree) to investigate the evolutionary conservation of genes/proteins affected after ethanol exposure. Student learnt 3D-protein structure construction and observed how 3D-protein structure could change with single amino acid changes. Preliminary assessment indicates that students are gaining an understanding the web-based databases and tools and enjoying the investigatory nature of the lab exercises.
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    Lessons Learned From and Future Opportunities for Global Health Endeavors by 2 Academic Gastroenterology Units
    (Elsevier, 2019) Carr, Thomas A.; Okello, Samson; Some, Fatma F.; Corey, Kathleen E.; Medicine, School of Medicine
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    Meeting the Needs of Underserved Patients in Western Kenya by Creating the Next Generation of Global Health Pharmacists
    (American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 2016-03-25) Miller, Monica L.; Karwa, Rakhi; Schellhase, Ellen M.; Pastakia, Sonak D.; Crowe, Susie; Manji, Imran; Jakait, Beatrice; Maina, Mercy; Medicine Faculty Volunteers, IU School of Medicine
    Objective. To describe a novel training model used to create a sustainable public health-focused pharmacy residency based in Kenya and to describe the outcomes of this training program on underserved populations. Design. The postgraduate year 2 residency was designed to expose trainees to the unique public health facets of inpatient, outpatient, and community-based care delivery in low and middle-income countries. Public health areas of focus included supply chain management, reproductive health, pediatrics, HIV, chronic disease management, and teaching. Assessment. The outcomes of the residency were assessed based on the number of new clinical programs developed by residents, articles and abstracts written by residents, and resident participation in grant writing. To date, six residents from the United States and eight Kenyan residents have completed the residency. Eleven sustainable patient care services have been implemented as a result of the residency program. Conclusion. This pharmacy residency training model developed accomplished pharmacists in public health pharmacy, with each residency class expanding funding and clinical programming, contributing to curriculum development, and creating jobs.
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    The role of dermatology in Kaposi sarcoma diagnosis across three regions in sub-Saharan Africa
    (Elsevier, 2020) Seth, Divya; Williams, Victoria L.; McMahon, Devon E.; Regan, Susan; Busakhala, Naftali; Wools-Kaloustian, Kara; Mosoajane, Karen; Ralefala, Tlotlo B.; Kayembe, Mukendi; Iregbu, Kenneth; Kwaghe, Vivian; Jedy-Agba, Elima; Oyesiku, Linda; Maurer, Toby; Jaquet, Antoine; Bassett, Ingrid V.; Martin, Jeff; Grover, Surbhi; Freeman, Esther E.; Medicine, School of Medicine
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    Supporting Global Health at the Pediatric Department Level: Why and How
    (AAP, 2017-06) Pitt, Michael B.; Moore, Melissa A.; John, Chandy C.; Batra, Maneesh; Butteris, Sabrina M.; Airewale, Gladstone E.; Suchdev, Parmi S.; Steinhoff, Mark C.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Over the past 20 years, involvement in pediatric global health (GH), the study and practice of improving the health of children worldwide, has evolved from an extracurricular activity to a robust academic pursuit that enhances the clinical, educational, and research missions of academic health centers (Fig 1). As evidenced by the paradigm shift laid out in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, which focus on the health of all people worldwide, GH is no longer a field constrained by arbitrary borders.1 Likewise, pediatric departments seeking to expand knowledge, train pediatricians, or improve care for children through research and innovation must be concerned with the health of all children and addressing health equity, which by definition, implies GH work.2 This article aims to provide pediatric department leadership with the background and action steps necessary to respond to the call that support for GH should not be a luxury limited to a few elite institutions but a core part of pediatric education and research across the country.3
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