Browsing by Subject "executive function"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Age at Injury is Associated with the Long-Term Cognitive Outcome of Traumatic Brain Injuries
    (Elsevier, 2017) Li, Wei; Risacher, Shannon L.; McAllister, Thomas W.; Saykin, Andrew J.; Physician Assistant Studies Program, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
    Abstract Introduction The association between age at injury (AAI) and long-term cognitive outcome of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) is debatable. Methods Eligible participants with a history of TBI from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were divided into a childhood TBI (cTBI) group (the AAI ≤ 21 years old) and an adult TBI (aTBI) group (the AAI > 21 years old). Results The cTBI group has a higher Everyday Cognition total score than the aTBI group. All perceived cognitive functions are worse for the cTBI group than for the aTBI group except memory. By contrast, the cTBI group has higher assessment scores on either the Boston Naming Test or Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test than the aTBI group. Discussion The AAI is associated with the long-term cognitive outcomes in older adults with a history of TBI.
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    Enhancing Recovery: Occupational Therapy for Adults with Traumatic Brain Injury, A Rapid Systematic Review
    (2024-04-24) Findley, Caroline; Grove, Dara; John, Andrea; Lenk, Lauren; Martinez, Adriana; Tinnin, Morémi; Chase, Anthony; Lee, Chang Dae; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences
    A thorough systematic analysis was conducted to find effective interventions for people with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) who are 18 years of age and older. This review gives an overview and discussion of 30 studies focused on various interventions classified into the following categories: group-based approach, memory and planning, social participation, and emotional and behavioral regulation. The objective of the rapid systematic review (RSR) was to search the literature and critically appraise findings to address what evidence is available regarding interventions to promote psychosocial wellness, executive functioning, and occupational engagement in adults with TBI. Technology and group-based approaches were effective in improving psychosocial outcomes, however within clinical research there is a lack of OTP researchers and interventions designed to address longevity of recovery.
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    A prospective examination of change in executive function and physical activity in older breast cancer survivors
    (2020-08) Tometich, Danielle Bowman; Mosher, Catherine E.; Cyders, Melissa A.; McDonald, Brenna C.; Saykin, Andrew J.
    Only one third of older breast cancer survivors (BCS) meet national physical activity (PA) guidelines. Theories of self-regulation and research with older adults suggest that executive function (EF) plays an important role in PA, yet the impact of lower EF on older survivors’ PA is unknown. My project addressed this gap using secondary data from the Thinking and Living with Cancer (TLC) cohort study, which examined cognitive function among older BCS pre-treatment, followed every 12 months, and contemporaneously assessed matched controls. My first aim was to test two hypotheses regarding EF change and PA and determine if these relationships differ between BCS and controls. My hypotheses were: 1) EF decline from baseline to 12 months will predict lower PA at 24 months, and 2) lower PA at 12 months will predict EF decline from 12 to 24 months. My second aim was to explore whether the effects of EF change on PA in BCS differed based on risk factors for accelerated cognitive decline (i.e., older age, more advanced cancer stage, comorbidity, and APOE ε4 genotype). The TLC study measured EF with neuropsychological tests and PA with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. For aims 1 and 2, I used multiple regression with multiple imputation. Primary results showed no significant effect of EF change from baseline to 12 months on PA at 24 months (β=-0.01, p=0.88) and no significant group (BCS vs. controls) by EF interaction (β=-0.05, p=0.33). Separate models in BCS and controls showed similar findings. In the entire sample, PA at 12 months significantly predicted EF change from 12 to 24 months (β=0.17, p=0.01), but there was no significant group by PA interaction (β=-0.06, p=0.54). Separate analyses by group found a significant effect of PA for controls (β=0.07, p=0.02), but not for BCS (β=0.05, p=0.27). Regarding the second aim, there were no significant interactions between EF change and the proposed risk factors on PA. Findings were largely inconsistent with theory and prior research. Continued research in this area will inform future exercise interventions to improve physical and cognitive health for the growing population of older cancer survivors.
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    Verbal Processing Speed and Executive Functioning in Long-Term Cochlear Implant Users
    (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2015) AuBuchon, Angela M.; Pisoni, David B.; Kronenberger, William G.; Department of Psychology, IU School of Science
    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report how verbal rehearsal speed (VRS), a form of covert speech used to maintain verbal information in working memory, and another verbal processing speed measure, perceptual encoding speed, are related to 3 domains of executive function (EF) at risk in cochlear implant (CI) users: verbal working memory, fluency-speed, and inhibition-concentration. Method: EF, speech perception, and language outcome measures were obtained from 55 prelingually deaf, long-term CI users and matched controls with normal hearing (NH controls). Correlational analyses were used to assess relations between VRS (articulation rate), perceptual encoding speed (digit and color naming), and the outcomes in each sample. Results: CI users displayed slower verbal processing speeds than NH controls. Verbal rehearsal speed was related to 2 EF domains in the NH sample but was unrelated to EF outcomes in CI users. Perceptual encoding speed was related to all EF domains in both groups. Conclusions: Verbal rehearsal speed may be less influential for EF quality in CI users than for NH controls, whereas rapid automatized labeling skills and EF are closely related in both groups. CI users may develop processing strategies in EF tasks that differ from the covert speech strategies routinely employed by NH individuals.