Browsing by Subject "ethnicity"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Book Review: Broken Chains and Subverted Plans: Ethnicity, Race, and Commodities
    (University of Chicago, 2018) Mullins, Paul R.; Anthropology, School of Liberal Arts
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    COVID-19 Delays in Gynecologic Surgery and Their Association with Race, Ethnicity and Insurance Status
    (Elsevier, 2021-11) Elsahy, D. A.; Higgins, O. M.; Pickett, C. M.; Kasper, K. M.; Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine
    Study Objective To characterize how surgical delays and cancellations experienced by patients needing gynecologic surgery differed during the coronavirus pandemic compared to pre-pandemic and determine if the delay and cancellation rates varied based on the patient's race, ethnicity or insurance type. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Urban, academic, tertiary care medical center. Patients or Participants Women aged >18 years who underwent surgery for benign or malignant gynecologic conditions. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results Pre-COVID included surgeries performed between 3/2019-2/2020 and COVID included surgeries between 3/2020-2/2021. In the pre-COVID group, 1107 cases had no surgical delay (75.3%), 364 cases had surgical delay or cancellation (24.7%). In the COVD group, 1042 cases had no surgical delay (75.5%), 339 cases had surgical delay or cancellation (24.5%). Of delayed surgeries, there was a significant difference in the median number of days to surgery in the COVID-19 group of 31.2 days (13.9-56.0) as compared to the pre-COVID group 14.0 days (7.0-34.8) (p<0.01). Among cases scheduled during the COVID-19 pandemic, after controlling for the urgency of the case, there was no significant association between insurance type, race or ethnicity and the likelihood of having surgery delayed or canceled (OR 0.82,CI 0.64-1.05,p=0.12; OR 0.97,CI 0.73-1.29,p=0.34; OR 1.08,CI 0.58-2.20,p=0.81). Regardless of insurance, race or ethnicity, elective cases during COVID-19 were more likely to be delayed or canceled compared to urgent or emergent cases (OR 1.68, CI 1.07-2.63, p=0.03; OR 1.66, CI 1.06-2.60, p=0.03, OR 1.71, CI 1.08-2.70, p=0.02). Conclusion At a single academic center, while COVID was associated with increased length of surgical delays, case urgency seemed to play a more important role than insurance status, race, and ethnicity in predicting which patients would have their case delayed. The surgical field has documented disparities for decades and it is incredibly important to continue to challenge our role in patient's access to care, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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    The effect of body mass index on blood pressure varies by race among obese children
    (De Gruyter, 2015-05) Hannon, Tamara S.; Gupta, Sandeep; Li, Zhuokai; Eckert, George; Carroll, Aaron E.; Pratt, J. Howard; Tu, Wanzhu; Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine
    Objective: Previous studies have shown that the effect of adiposity on blood pressure (BP) intensifies as children become increasingly obese. Black children tend to have greater body mass index (BMI) and higher BP than age-matched white children. It is unclear whether the BP effects of BMI are race-specific among black and white children, and data on obese Hispanic children are sparse. We compared the BP effect of BMI in obese white, black, and Hispanic children. Methods: We examined the medical records of children enrolled in a pediatric obesity clinic. Height, weight, BP, and fasting insulin were assessed as part of routine clinical care. The concurrent effects of age and BMI on BP percentile values were examined using semiparametric regression, which allows the accommodation of nonlinear effects. Results: The study included 873 children (338 male; 354 black, 447 white, 72 Hispanic; 11.7±3.5 years, BMI 36.2±8.5 kg/m2). While BMI Z-scores were similar among the groups, systolic BP (SBP) was higher in black children and Hispanic children (white: 107 mm Hg; black: 112 mm Hg; Hispanic: 112 mm Hg; p=0.0001). Age, sex, and height-adjusted SBP percentiles were significantly different among the three groups (white: 50; black: 59; Hispanic: 59; p=0.0006). In children of the same age, BP was higher at any given BMI in black children and Hispanic children. Conclusions: Among children referred for treatment of obesity, black children and Hispanic children are at a greater risk for having elevated BP when compared to white children of similar age and BMI.
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    Evangelicals, Then and Now: Plausibility, Boundaries, and American Evangelicalism as Ethnicity
    (Wiley, 2019-12) Steensland, Brian; Sociology, School of Liberal Arts
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    Examining Racial and Ethnic Variations in Reasons for Leaving a Youth Gang
    (Springer, 2018-12) Carson, Dena C.; School of Public and Environmental Affairs
    Purpose One underrepresented area of research within the developmental and life course framework is how criminal careers vary across racial and ethnic lines. Similarly, little is known about how the processes surrounding leaving a youth gang differ based on the experiences of racial and ethnic minorities. This manuscript will help fill this gap in both bodies of literature by examining differences in push and pull motivations for gang desistance across black, Hispanic, and white youth who reside in seven different cities across the USA. Methods The mixed-method analysis relies on grounded theory techniques to identify themes in the qualitative interviews as well as provides a quantitative comparison of gang desistance motivations. Results Black youth were least likely to report pulls associated with prosocial attachments and were also least likely to report being disillusioned with intragang relationships. Hispanic youth most commonly reported pulls associated with parental encouragement and experiencing official sanctions and pushes centered on direct and vicarious violent experiences. White youth most commonly reported pulls associated with having a significant other and pushes including feelings of disillusionment with intragang relationships. Conclusion While there is evidence that street socialization and social isolation uniquely impact the gang desistance decisions of black gang youth, these differences might not be enough to justify race-specific intervention programs.
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    “A New Vocation before Me”: Frederick Douglass's Post-Civil War Lyceum Career
    (Taylor & Francis, 2018) McKivigan, John R.; History, School of Liberal Arts
    This article examines the oratorical strategies adopted by Frederick Douglass in the late 1860s and early 1870s when he joined the ranks of professional lyceum speakers. Douglass's speaking shifted away from the long-established topics of slavery and civil rights to appeal to a broader audience. Douglass also shifted from a spontaneous speaking style, honed in years of abolitionist campaigning, to rely upon written texts prepared in advance and delivered repeatedly. A close analysis of those lyceum addresses, newspaper reports of their delivery, and Douglass's personal correspondence reveal that he retained many elements of his older performance style and facilely adapted his topic, sometimes in mid-lecture, to suit many audiences' demand to hear him address the “race question.”
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    Relationship Between Hispanic Nativity, Residential Environment, and Productive Activity Among Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury: A TBI Model Systems Study
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2019-01) Lequerica, Anthony H.; Botticello, Amanda; O'Neill, John; Lengenfelder, Jean; Krch, Denise; Chiaravalloti, Nancy D.; Sander, Angelle M.; Bushnik, Tamara; Ketchum, Jessica M.; Hammond, Flora M.; Dams-O’Connor, Kristen; Felix, Elizabeth; Johnson-Greene, Doug; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine
    Objective: To examine the influence of nativity and residential characteristics on productive activity among Hispanics at 1 year after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Setting: Acute rehabilitation facilities and community follow-up. Participants: A total of 706 Hispanic individuals in the TBI Model Systems National Database. Design: Secondary data analysis from a multicenter longitudinal cohort study. Main Measures: Nativity (foreign born or US native), productive activity derived from interview questions regarding employment status, and other demographic information. Census data were extracted by zip code to represent residential characteristics of aggregate household income and proportion of foreign language speakers (FLS). Results: Among foreign-born individuals with TBI, those living in an area with a higher proportion of FLS were 2.8 times more likely to be productive than those living in areas with a lower proportion of FLS. Among individuals living in an area with a lower proportion of FLS, US-born Hispanics were 2.7 times more likely to be productive compared with Hispanic immigrants. Conclusion: The relationship between nativity and productive activity at 1 year post-TBI was moderated by the residential proportion of FLS. Findings underscore the importance of considering environmental factors when designing vocational rehabilitation interventions for Hispanics after TBI.