Browsing by Subject "employment"
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Item Alimony's Job Lock(2015) Ryznar, Margaret; Robert H. McKinley School of LawIn family law, courts often prevent people who owe alimony from changing jobs. If a job change is accompanied by a salary decrease, the court will not necessarily readjust the alimony obligation and instead impute the higher income to the obligor. This Article introduces the term “job lock” to describe this situation, borrowing the term from the health care context, wherein job immobility due to health insurance concerns has received significant scrutiny. This Article draws similar attention to the alimony context, proposing a balancing test to assist courts interested in alleviating job lock under certain circumstances.Item Anticipated Stigma and Defensive Individualism during Post-Incarceration Job Searching(Wiley, 2016-08) Ray, Bradley; Grommon, Eric; Rydberg, Jason; School of Public and Environmental AffairsObtaining employment is one of the most difficult challenges for individuals released from prison. This research explores the strategies recently released male parolees employ in attempting to find work, with specific attention to the role of anticipated stigma from their ex-convict status. Through the use of in-depth longitudinal interviews, this research contributes to our understanding of returning prisoner's experiences in job searching. We find that although a majority of the sample anticipated stigma as a barrier to employment, those who did expressed an extreme self-reliance consistent with defensive individualism. This reluctance to draw on social networks may ultimately be counter-productive to the search for employment.Item Barriers and Facilitators to Work Success for Veterans in Supported Employment: A Nationwide Provider Survey(APA, 2016-04) Kukla, Marina; McGuire, Alan B.; Salyers, Michelle P.; Department of Psychology, School of Sciencebjective: Veterans with mental illness are at serious risk of poor work outcomes and career stagnation. Supported employment (SE) is an evidence-based model of vocational services that assists persons with mental illness to obtain competitive employment. The purpose of this study was to gain a rich understanding of barriers and facilitators related to competitive work success from the perspective of a nationwide sample of U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) SE staff, supervisors, and managers. Methods: This study utilized a mixed-methods approach in which 114 VA SE personnel completed an online questionnaire consisting of a survey of work barriers and facilitators; open-ended questions elicited additional factors affecting work success. Descriptive statistics characterized factors affecting work success, and an emergent, open-coding approach identified qualitative themes describing other key elements influencing employment. Results: The most prominent work facilitators were perceived veteran motivation, job match, the assistance of SE services, and veteran self-confidence. The highest rated barriers were psychological stress and a range of health-related problems. Qualitative findings revealed additional areas affecting work success, notably, the availability of resources, the capacity of frontline staff to form strong relationships with veterans and employers, the ability of staff to adapt and meet the multifaceted demands of the SE job, and the need for additional staff and supervisor training. The impact of employer stigma was also emphasized. Conclusions: An array of elements influencing work success at the level of the veteran, staff, SE program, and employer was recognized, suggesting several implications for VA services.Item COVID-19 and Precarious Employment: Consequences of the Evolving Crisis(Sage, 2021) Matilla-Santander, Nuria; Ahonen, Emily Q.; Albin, Maria; Baron, Sherry; Bolíbar, Mireia; Bosmans, Kim; Burström, Bo; Cuervo, Isabel; Davis, Letitia; Gunn, Virginia; Håkansta, Carin; Hemmingsson, Tomas; Hogstedt, Christer; Jonsson, Johanna; Julià, Mireia; Kjellberg, Katarina; Kreshpaj, Bertina; Lewchuk, Wayne; Muntaner, Carles; O'Campo, Patricia; Orellana, Cecilia; Östergren, Per-Olof; Padrosa, Eva; Ruiz, Marisol E.; Vanroelen, Christophe; Vignola, Emilia; Vives, Alejandra; Wegman, David H.; Bodin, Theo; Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public HealthThe world of work is facing an ongoing pandemic and an economic downturn with severe effects worldwide. Workers trapped in precarious employment (PE), both formal and informal, are among those most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we call attention to at least 5 critical ways that the consequences of the crisis among workers in PE will be felt globally: (a) PE will increase, (b) workers in PE will become more precarious, (c) workers in PE will face unemployment without being officially laid off, (d) workers in PE will be exposed to serious stressors and dramatic life changes that may lead to a rise in diseases of despair, and (e) PE might be a factor in deterring the control of or in generating new COVID-19 outbreaks. We conclude that what we really need is a new social contract, where the work of all workers is recognized and protected with adequate job contracts, employment security, and social protection in a new economy, both during and after the COVID-19 crisis.Item Employment and Marriage Market Tradeoffs in an LGB Sample(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2014-04-11) Ziebarth, Doug; Stockdale, Margaret S.; Redhead, Megan; Petrovic, MilenaWithin the last few years, lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) individuals are becoming more openly present in many social spheres, including the workplace and long-term relationships. As such, social scientists can better test heteronormative assumptions about role relationships. We examined the marriage-career juxtaposition question to determine whether LGB adults view a disconnect between mate selection attractiveness and career attractiveness for LGB targets. Data were collected through snowball sampling through social media, and emailing local and national LGB organizations. A total of 355 individuals attempted our online survey with a final sample of 187 LGB adults (52% female) who provided complete, usable data. Participants rated 32 vignettes of a target gay man or lesbian woman, and rated each on how attractive they were for either a career position in health services management, systems management, or as a life-partner. Vignettes additionally varied on factors that were aligned with a career focus or family focus. Intraclass correlations (ICCs) were used to compare the mean ratings of gay or lesbian targets on these three conditions. High ICCs would indicate strong correspondence between perceptions of target individuals for career attractiveness ratings and partner attractiveness ratings, and negative ICCs would indicate juxtaposition between career and partner attractiveness ratings. The pattern of results indicated moderately positive ICCs for either type of management position and the life partner position, signifying that LGB adults did not perceive a juxtaposition in either managerial career’s attractiveness with partner attractiveness. The ICCs were stronger for gay men rating gay male targets than for lesbian target ratings; lesbian women’s ICCs were not as high or differentiated. Unlike studies of heterosexual populations, this LGB sample did not perceive a disconnect between attractiveness for a career in management versus attractiveness as a life-partner. These results call into question heteronormative assumptions about life and gender roles. Mentors: Peggy Stockdale, Department of Psychology, Purdue School of Science, IUPUI; Milena Petrovic, Department of Psychology, Purdue School of Science, IUPUIItem Factors impacting work success in Veterans with mental health disorders: A Veteran-focused mixed methods pilot study(IOS, 2015) Kukla, Marina; Bonfils, Kelsey A.; Salyers, Michelle P.; Department of Psychology, School of ScienceBACKGROUND: Veterans with mental illness often have poor employment outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This mixed-methods study sought to understand and describe Veteran perspectives of factors that impact their work success. METHODS: A sample of 40 employed and unemployed Veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or other severe mental illness (SMI) completed a survey of factors that impact vocational functioning and provided narrative accounts of their most successful and challenging work experiences. RESULTS: Personal motivation, self-efficacy, work skills, interpersonal issues, health, and cognitive problems were rated as most impactful on work. There were no significant differences on ratings of work factors based on employment status. Veterans with PTSD reported significantly more barriers to work success compared with Veterans with SMI, notably, cognitive problems, physical health, and psychological stress. Veterans with SMI were more likely to receive VA vocational services and rated this assistance as beneficial to work success. Narrative findings corroborated the survey results, and yielded additional factors, including economic factors, person/job fit, and Veteran-specific issues. CONCLUSIONS: Several factors substantially impact work success in Veterans with mental illness. Veterans with PTSD and SMI experience a distinct set of barriers and facilitators, suggesting the need for tailoring clinical and rehabilitative services.Item Improving Graduation Rates in Drug Court Through Employment and Schooling Opportunities and Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT)(Taylor & Francis, 2018) Gallagher, John Robert; Wahler, Elizabeth A.; Lefebvre, Elyse; Paiano, Tara; Carlton, Jesse; Woodward Miller, Jane; School of Social WorkDrug courts have been a key part of the criminal justice system since 1989, and this study contributes to the existing body of research by identifying which participants (n = 248) were most likely to graduate from a drug court in Indiana (United States). Three variables emerged as significant predictors of graduation. First, participants who were employed or were students at the time of admission were nearly 2.5 times more likely to graduate than participants who were not. Second, participants who were using opiates as their primary drug of choice were over 80% less likely to graduate than participants who were using non-opiates as their primary drug of choice. Third, participants who had violations in the first 30 days of the program were nearly 50% less likely to graduate than participants who did not violate in the first 30 days. Offering medication-assisted treatment (MAT), such as methadone, Suboxone, or Vivitrol, to participants who have an opiate use disorder may improve graduation rates for this population. Additionally, graduation rates may also improve by offering more resources to assist participants in gaining and maintaining employment or schooling, and this seems to be especially important within the first month of the program.Item Mixed methods study examining work reintegration experiences from perspectives of Veterans with mental health disorders(2015) Kukla, Marina; Rattray, Nicholas A.; Salyers, Michelle P.; Department of Psychology, School of ScienceRecent findings have demonstrated that reintegration for Veterans is often challenging. One difficult aspect of reintegration—transitioning into the civilian workplace—has not been fully explored in the literature. To address this gap and examine work reintegration, this mixed methods study examined the perspectives of Veterans with mental health disorders receiving Department of Veterans Affairs healthcare. Forty Veterans rated factors that affect work success; participants also provided narratives on their most and least successful work experiences. We used t-tests and qualitative analysis to compare participants who did and did not serve in combat. Several themes relevant to work reintegration emerged in the narratives, particularly for Veterans who served in combat. An array of work difficulties were reported in the months following military discharge. In addition, Veterans who served in combat reported significantly more work barriers than Veterans who did not serve in combat, particularly health-related barriers. In conclusion, Veterans with mental health disorders who served in combat experienced more work reintegration difficulty than their counterparts who did not serve in combat. The role of being a Veteran affected how combat Veterans formed their self-concept, which also shaped their work success and community reintegration, especially during the early transition period.Item Organizational diversity philosophies and minority representation: testing perceptions of safety and threat in the workplace(2017-04-07) King, Daniel L.; Ashburn-Nardo, LeslieExtant research has established that workplace discrimination negatively predicts turnover and influences targets’ job commitment and satisfaction. Historically, diversity research explored the consequences of colorblind diversity philosophies and the benefits of multicultural diversity philosophies for minorities; however, it may be that multicultural work environments are not universally beneficial for minorities. The present study examines how organizational philosophies regarding diversity influence minorities’ perceptions of trust, affective commitment, organizational attraction, and perceptions of tokenism towards an organization. Results indicate main effects of minority representation and diversity philosophy such that participants in the high representation condition reported greater trust and comfort than participants in the low representation condition, and participants in the multicultural condition reported greater trust and comfort than participants in the colorblind condition. Moreover, results reveal a significant indirect effect of minority representation on trust and comfort, affective commitment, and organizational attraction through perceived tokenism. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.Item Positive correlation of employment and psychological well-being for veterans with major abdominal surgery(2010-11) Horner, David J.; Wendel, Christopher S.; Skeps, Raymond; Rawl, Susan M.; Grant, Marcia; Schmidt, C. Max; Ko, Clifford Y.; Krouse, Robert S.Background Intestinal stomas (ostomies) have been associated negatively with multiple aspects of health-related quality of life. This article examines the relationship between employment status and psychological well-being (PWB) in veterans who underwent major bowel procedures with or without ostomy. Methods Veterans from 3 Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers were surveyed using the City of Hope ostomy-specific questionnaire and the Short Form 36 item Veteran’s version (SF-36V). Response rate was 48% (511 of 1,063). Employment and PWB relationship was assessed using multiple regression with age, income, SF-36V physical component summary (PCS), and employment status as independent variables. Results Employed veterans reported higher PWB compared with unemployed veterans (P = .003). Full-time workers also reported higher PWB than part-time or unemployed workers (P = .001). Ostomy was not an independent predictor of PWB. Conclusions Employment among veterans after major abdominal surgery may have intrinsic value for PWB. Patients should be encouraged to return to work, or do volunteer work after recovery.