Browsing by Subject "eicosapentaenoic acid"

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    Association of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid intake with leukocyte telomere length in US males
    (Elsevier, 2022-12) Seo, Bojung; Yang, Keming; Kahe, Ka; Qureshi, Abrar A.; Chan, Andrew T.; De Vivo, Immaculata; Cho, Eunyoung; Giovannucci, Edward L.; Nan, Hongmei; Community and Global Health, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health
    Background Omega-3 (n–3) and omega-6 (n–6) fatty acids may contribute to oxidative stress and inflammation, which are related to telomere shortening. Evidence supporting an association between intake of n–3 or n–6 fatty acids and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in males has been limited. Objectives We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the associations of total or individual n–3 or total n–6 fatty acid intake with LTL in US males. Methods We included 2,494 US males with LTL measurement from 4 nested case–control studies within the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Individuals with previous histories of cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases at or before blood collection were excluded. Blood collection was performed between 1993 and 1995, and relevant information including n–3 and n–6 intake was collected in 1994 by questionnaire. The LTL was log-transformed and Z scores of the LTL were calculated for statistical analyses by standardizing the LTL in comparison with the mean within each selected nested case–control study. Results We found that consumption of DHA (22:6n–3) was positively associated with LTL. In the multivariable-adjusted model, compared with individuals who had the lowest intake of DHA (i.e., first quartile group), the percentage differences (95% CIs) of LTL were −3.7 (−13.7, 7.5), 7.0 (−4.3, 19.7), and 8.2 (−3.5, 21.3) for individuals in the second, third, and fourth quartiles of consumption, respectively (P-trend = 0.0498). We did not find significant associations between total n–3 or total n–6 fatty acid intakes and LTL. In addition, we found that males who consumed canned tuna had longer LTL than those who did not; in the multivariable-adjusted model, the percentage difference of LTL was 10.5 (95% CI: 1.3, 20.4) (P = 0.02). Conclusions Our results suggest that higher intakes of DHA and canned tuna consumption are associated with longer LTL.
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    DHA and EPA Interaction with Raft Domains Observed With Solid-State 2H NMR Spectroscopy
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2013-04-05) Kinnun, Jacob J.; Williams, Justin A.; Stillwell, William H.; Bittman, Robert; Shaikh, Saame Raza; Wassall, Stephen R.
    Research continues to examine the health benefits of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) found in fish oils. The major bioactive components are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5), with 20 carbons and 5 double bonds, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6), with 22 carbons and 6 double bonds. However, their molecular modes of action remain unclear. A suggested hypothesis is that these fatty acids are incorporated into membrane phospholipids and modify the structure and organization of lipid rafts, thus affecting cell signaling. We used solid-state 2H NMR spectroscopy to compare molecular organization in mixtures of 1-palmitoyl-2-eicosapentaenoylphosphatidylcholine (PEPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-docosahexaenoylphosphatidylcholine (PDPC) with the raft-stabilizing molecules sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol. Our spectra for PEPC-d31 and PDPC-d31, analogs of PEPC and PDPC with a perdeuterated palmitoyl sn-1 chain, showed that DHA has a greater tendency than EPA to incorporate into raft-like domains enriched in SM and cholesterol. By using PSM-d31, an analog of SM with a perdeuterated N-palmitoyl chain, we now directly observe one of the raft-forming molecules and analyze the molecular order within the raft. These results will add to the growing information on how EPA and DHA differentially modify lipid domain organization in bilayers.