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Item Decomposing inequality in compulsory education finance in China: 1998-2008.(2014-10) Wang, WenIn recent decades, the inequality in compulsory education finance in China has remained a widespread and serious problem. Based on a provincial-level dataset in the period of 1998-2008, this study analyzed the disparities of school funding in China, attempting to explore the important factors that may have contributed to the inequality. Using the methods of factor decomposition and regression-based decomposition of Gini coefficient, it showed that the inequality of school funding had not been reduced after recent governmental reforms. The level of economic development appeared to be highly associated with the inequality of expenditures for compulsory education. The empirical results of this analysis suggest that a sound system of intergovernmental fiscal transfers with built-in equalization features may need to be developed in China.Item The Influence of Finance Policies on Charter School Supply Decisions in Five States(Wiley, 2020) Buerger, Christian; School of Public and Environmental AffairsThis paper tests if charter school finance policies influence charter school location. I create a theoretical framework describing the location incentives created by charter school finance provisions and test their relevance empirically by applying a two-step approach consisting of negative binomial models and Wald tests. Using data from New York, North Carolina, Florida, Michigan, and Ohio, I provide evidence that states’ finance provisions are an important policy lever impacting charter school location. Several robustness checks corroborate the initial results.Item Rural Taxation Reforms and Compulsory Education Finance in China(2010-05) Wang, Wen; Zhao, Zhirong JerryIn recent decades, the responsibility for the financing of compulsory education in rural China has rested with townships and villages which, with limited tax authority and uneven revenue capacity, increasingly relied on a plethora of arbitrarily imposed fees for funding. To reduce farmers‘ fiscal burdens, since 2000 the central government has installed a series of rural taxation reforms. Correspondingly, the central government shifted the administrative responsibilities of rural compulsory education to the county level in 2001, and implemented a series of policies to make up for the loss of revenues to education. Using a provincial-level dataset from 1998 to 2006, this study examines whether and how the rural taxation reforms have affected the adequacy and equality of compulsory education finance in China, and addresses related theoretical and policy implications from the perspective of intergovernmental fiscal relations.Item School district responses to matching aid programs for capital facilities: A case study of New York's building aid program(2010-06) Wang, Wen; Duncombe, William; Yinger, JohnStates are financing a larger share of capital investment by school districts but little is known about district response to facility aid programs. This paper addresses this gap by examining how a short-term increase in the matching rate for the Building Aid program in New York affected district capital investment decisions. We estimate a capital investment model and find that most districts are responsive to price incentives but that price responsiveness is related to the fiscal health and urban location of the district, we provide recommendations for the design of capital investment aid programs to support high-need urban districts.Item Spatial Decomposition of Funding Inequality in China's Basic Education: A Four-Level Theil Index Analysis(2014) Wang, Wen; Zhao, ZhirongVarious education finance and taxation reforms in the past several decades have substantially changed China’s system for funding basic education, but the present system is still characterized by insufficient funding and large inequalities across localities. Using data of more than 2000 county-level units all over the country during 1998-2005, this study uses Theil index to spatially decompose the pattern of funding inequality in China’s basic education across four geographic and administrative levels. The analysis shows that the level of inequality remained high after the rural taxation and education finance reforms since 2000, despite the efforts to increase education-purpose fiscal transfers to local governments, and that the gaps are especially severe across provinces in the same region and across prefectures in the same province.