Browsing by Subject "ecological momentary assessment (EMA)"

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    Evaluating Social Interactions in Schizotypy Using Ecological Momentary Assessment
    (2024-08) Russell, Madisen T.; Minor, Kyle S.; Salyers, Michelle P.; Wu, Wei
    Compared to individuals low in schizotypal traits, those with elevated schizotypal traits present with social deficits and are at greater risk for developing schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and other forms of psychopathology. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) is a powerful tool for understanding the real-world behaviors of schizophrenia-spectrum populations. Although studies have effectively utilized EMA to examine important aspects of social interactions (i.e., how often people interact [likelihood], the complexity of the content in these interactions [depth], and how much pleasure they derive from these interactions [enjoyment]) in people with schizophrenia, few have explored differences in social interactions using EMA across schizotypal traits (i.e., positive, negative, and disorganized). In this study, we used EMA to collect data from three universities. Our primary aim was to evaluate if positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypal traits in college students were significantly linked to individuals’ likelihood, depth, and enjoyment of social interactions in their everyday lives. Our secondary aim was to investigate whether affect and stress play a role in individuals’ likelihood, depth, and enjoyment of social interactions. Results revealed that negative schizotypal traits more strongly predicted social interaction depth and enjoyment compared to positive and disorganized traits. Contrary to hypotheses, positive affect was a better predictor of social interaction outcomes than negative affect and stress. Several notable interactions between schizotypal traits and affect also emerged. Overall, this study increases understanding of how schizotypal traits and affect impact daily social interactions. These findings may inform future research aimed at improving and individualizing interventions for social functioning deficits in individuals with elevated positive, negative, and/or disorganized schizotypal traits.
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    THE PREDICTIVE UTILITY OF ECOLOGICAL MOMENTARY ASSESSMENT MEASURES VERSUS RETROSPECTIVE SELFREPORT MEASURES: A QUALITATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2011-04-08) Zielke, Desiree J.
    Proponents of ecological momentary assessment (EMA), in which repeated measures of variables are obtained in real-time from individuals in their environment, have asserted that the reliability and validity of self-reports obtained by this method are superior to those obtained by traditional retrospective assessments. Because this claim has not been adequately evaluated, we conducted a qualitative literature review to address the following question related to this assertion: Is the predictive utility of EMA self-reports superior to that of retrospective self-reports? We searched MedLine and PsycInfo for studies that obtained both EMA measures and retrospective measures of the same construct and examined the ability of EMA and retrospective measures to predict the same outcome. Eight studies were identified. One study examined two separate outcomes and therefore results are presented based on 9 findings. The studies revealed that EMA measures were stronger predictors of the outcome than retrospective measures in 5 (56%) findings. In 2 (22%) findings, retrospective measures outperformed EMA measures. Results of 2 findings were equivocal. In sum, the bulk of the evidence provides preliminary support for the notion that EMA measures have superior predictive utility as compared to retrospective measures; however, the type of outcome (biological vs. behavioral/subjective) may influence the pattern of results. There is a clear need for research to determine in which situations EMA or retrospective measures are stronger predictors of outcomes.