Browsing by Subject "disinfection"

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    Curcumin—A Natural Medicament for Root Canal Disinfection: Effects of Irrigation, Drug Release, and Photoactivation
    (Elsevier, 2019-11) Sotomil, Julian M.; Münchow, Eliseu A.; Pankajakshan, Divya; Spolnik, Kenneth J.; Ferreira, Jessica A.; Gregory, Richard L.; Bottino, Marco C.; Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry
    Introduction Curcumin incorporation into polymeric fibers was tested for its antimicrobial properties and potential use in root canal disinfection. Methods Curcumin-modified fibers were processed via electrospinning and tested against a 7-day old established Actinomyces naeslundii (An) biofilm. The medicaments tested were as follows: curcumin-modified fibers at 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL, curcumin-based irrigant at 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL, saline solution (negative control), and the following positive controls: 2% chlorhexidine, 1% NaOCl, and triple antibiotic paste (TAP, 1 mg/mL). All medicaments, except for the positive controls, were allocated according to the light exposure protocol: photoactivation with an LED every 30 s for 4 min or without photoactivation. After treatment, the medicaments were removed and 1 mL of saline solution was added; the biofilm was scraped from the well and used to prepare a 1:2000 dilution. Spiral plating was done using anaerobic blood agar plates. After 24 h, colony-forming units (CFU/mL, n=11/group) were counted to determine the antimicrobial effects. Results Data exhibited significant antimicrobial effects on positive control groups, followed by the curcumin irrigants, and lastly, the photoactivated curcumin-modified fibers. There was a significant reduction of viable bacteria in curcumin-based irrigants, which was greater than the TAP-treated group. Curcumin-free fibers, saline, and the non-photoactivated curcumin-modified fibers did not display antimicrobial activity. Conclusions Curcumin seems to be a potential alternative to TAP when controlling infection, but it requires a minimal concentration (2.5 mg/mL) to be effective. Photoactivation of curcumin-based medicaments seems to be essential to obtain greater antibiofilm activity.
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    A novel patient-specific three-dimensional drug delivery construct for regenerative endodontics
    (Wiley, 2018-10-03) Bottino, Marco C.; Albuquerque, Maria T. P.; Azabi, Asma; Münchow, Eliseu A.; Spolnik, Kenneth J.; Nör, Jacques E.; Edwards, Paul C.; Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, School of Dentistry
    Evoked bleeding (EB) clinical procedure, comprising a disinfection step followed by periapical tissue laceration to induce the ingrowth of undifferentiated stem cells from the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, is currently the only regenerative-based therapeutic approach to treating pulp tissue necrosis in undeveloped (immature) permanent teeth approved in the United States. Yet, the disinfection step using antibiotic-based pastes leads to cytotoxic, warranting a biocompatible strategy to promote root canal disinfection with no or minimal side-effects to maximize the regenerative outcomes. The purpose of this investigation was to develop a tubular three-dimensional (3D) triple antibiotic-eluting construct for intracanal drug delivery. Morphological (scanning electron microscopy), chemical (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and mechanical (tensile testing) characteristics of the polydioxanone-based triple antibiotic-eluting fibers were assessed. The antimicrobial properties of the tubular 3D constructs were determined in vitro and in vivo using an infected (Actinomyces naeslundii) dentin tooth slice model and a canine method of periapical disease, respectively. The in vitro data indicated significant antimicrobial activity and the ability to eliminate bacterial biofilm inside dentinal tubules. In vivo histological findings demonstrated that, using the EB procedure, the tubular 3D triple antibiotic-eluting construct allowed the formation of an appropriate environment that led to apex closure and the ingrowth of a thin layer of osteodentin-like tissue into the root canal. Taken together, these findings indicate that our novel drug delivery construct is a promising biocompatible disinfection strategy for immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps.
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    Triple Antibiotic Polymer Nanofibers for Intracanal Drug Delivery: Effects on Dual Species Biofilm and Cell Function
    (Elsevier, 2016-10) Pankajakshan, Divya; Albuquerque, Maria T.P.; Evans, Joshua D.; Kamocka, Malgorzata M.; Gregory, Richard L.; Bottino, Marco C.; Biomedical and Applied Sciences, School of Dentistry
    Introduction Root canal disinfection and the establishment of an intracanal microenvironment conducive to the proliferation/differentiation of stem cells play a significant role in regenerative endodontics. This study was designed to (1) investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of triple antibiotic–containing nanofibers against a dual-species biofilm and (2) evaluate the ability of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to adhere to and proliferate on dentin upon nanofiber exposure. Methods Seven-day-old dual-species biofilm established on dentin specimens was exposed for 3 days to the following: saline (control), antibiotic-free nanofibers (control), and triple antibiotic–containing nanofibers or a saturated triple antibiotic paste (TAP) solution (50 mg/mL in phosphate buffer solution). Bacterial viability was assessed using the LIVE/DEAD assay (Molecular Probes, Inc, Eugene, OR) and confocal laser scanning microscopy. For cyto-compatibility studies, dentin specimens after nanofiber or TAP (1 g/mL in phosphate buffer solution) exposure were evaluated for cell adhesion and spreading by actin-phalloidin staining. DPSC proliferation was assessed on days 1, 3, and 7. Statistics were performed, and significance was set at the 5% level. Results Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed significant bacterial death upon antibiotic-containing nanofiber exposure, differing significantly (P < .05) from antibiotic-free fibers and the control (saline). DPSCs showed enhanced adhesion/spreading on dentin specimens treated with antibiotic-containing nanofibers when compared with its TAP counterparts. The DPSC proliferation rate was similar on days 1 and 3 in antibiotic-free nanofibers, triple antibiotic–containing nanofibers, and TAP-treated dentin. Proliferation was higher (9-fold) on dentin treated with antibiotic-containing nanofibers on day 7 compared with TAP. Conclusions Triple antibiotic–containing polymer nanofibers led to significant bacterial death, whereas they did not affect DPSC attachment and proliferation on dentin.