Browsing by Subject "controlled substances"

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    Achieving balance in federal and state pain policy: a guide to evaluation (Evaluation guide 2006). [Part 1]
    (2006-09) University of Wisconsin. School of Medicine and Public Health. Pain & Policy Studies Group.
    Assesses federal and state policies regarding the use of controlled substances for pain management, palliative care and end-of-life care. Part 1 contains Sections I - VII of the report, and the federal profile of Section VIII. Part 2 contains state profiles for Alabama - Illinois. Part 3 contains state profiles for Indiana - Michigan. Part 4 contains state profiles for Minnesota - South Dakota. Part 5 contains state profiles for Tennessee - Wyoming, Section IX and the appendices.
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    Achieving balance in federal and state pain policy: a guide to evaluation (Evaluation guide 2006). [Part 2]
    (2006-09) University of Wisconsin. School of Medicine and Public Health. Pain & Policy Studies Group.
    Assesses federal and state policies regarding the use of controlled substances for pain management, palliative care and end-of-life care. Part 1 contains Sections I - VII of the report, and the federal profile of Section VIII. Part 2 contains state profiles for Alabama - Illinois. Part 3 contains state profiles for Indiana - Michigan. Part 4 contains state profiles for Minnesota - South Dakota. Part 5 contains state profiles for Tennessee - Wyoming, Section IX and the appendices.
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    Achieving balance in federal and state pain policy: a guide to evaluation (Evaluation guide 2006). [Part 3]
    (2006-09) University of Wisconsin. School of Medicine and Public Health. Pain & Policy Studies Group.
    Assesses federal and state policies regarding the use of controlled substances for pain management, palliative care and end-of-life care. Part 1 contains Sections I - VII of the report, and the federal profile of Section VIII. Part 2 contains state profiles for Alabama - Illinois. Part 3 contains state profiles for Indiana - Michigan. Part 4 contains state profiles for Minnesota - South Dakota. Part 5 contains state profiles for Tennessee - Wyoming, Section IX and the appendices.
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    Achieving balance in federal and state pain policy: a guide to evaluation (Evaluation guide 2006). [Part 4]
    (2006-09) University of Wisconsin. School of Medicine and Public Health. Pain & Policy Studies Group.
    Assesses federal and state policies regarding the use of controlled substances for pain management, palliative care and end-of-life care. Part 1 contains Sections I - VII of the report, and the federal profile of Section VIII. Part 2 contains state profiles for Alabama - Illinois. Part 3 contains state profiles for Indiana - Michigan. Part 4 contains state profiles for Minnesota - South Dakota. Part 5 contains state profiles for Tennessee - Wyoming, Section IX and the appendices.
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    Achieving balance in federal and state pain policy: a guide to evaluation (Evaluation guide 2006). [Part 5]
    (2006-09) University of Wisconsin. School of Medicine and Public Health. Pain & Policy Studies Group.
    Assesses federal and state policies regarding the use of controlled substances for pain management, palliative care and end-of-life care. Part 1 contains Sections I - VII of the report, and the federal profile of Section VIII. Part 2 contains state profiles for Alabama - Illinois. Part 3 contains state profiles for Indiana - Michigan. Part 4 contains state profiles for Minnesota - South Dakota. Part 5 contains state profiles for Tennessee - Wyoming, Section IX and the appendices.
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    Automated derivatization and identification of controlled substances via total vaporization solid phase microextraction (Tv-Spme) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Gc-Ms)
    (2018) Hickey, Logan D.; Goodpaster, John
    Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is one of the most widely used instrumental techniques for chemical analyses in forensic science laboratories around the world due to its versatility and robustness. The most common type of chemical evidence submitted to forensic science laboratories is seized drug evidence, the analysis of which is largely dominated by GC-MS. Despite this, some drugs are difficult or impossible to analyze by GC-MS under normal circumstances. For these drugs, derivatization can be employed to make them more suitable for GC-MS. In Chapter 1, the derivatization of primary amino and zwitterionic drugs with three different derivatization agents, trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA); N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide + 1% trimethylchlorosilane (BSTFA + 1% TMCS); and dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (DMF-DMA), is discussed. The chromatographic performance was quantified for comparison between the derivatives and their parent drugs. Peak symmetry was compared using the asymmetry factor (As), separation efficiency was measured by the number of theoretical plates (N), and sensitivity was compared by measuring the peak areas. In Chapter 2, derivatization techniques were adapted for an automated on-fiber derivatization procedure using a technique called total vaporization solid phase microextraction (TV-SPME). TV-SPME is a variation of SPME in which a small volume of sample solution is used which can be totally vaporized, removing the need to consider the equilibrium between analytes in the solution and analytes in the headspace. By allowing derivatization agent to adsorb to the SPME fiber prior to introduction to the sample vial, the entire derivatization process can take place on the fiber or in the headspace surrounding it. The use of a robotic sampler made the derivatization procedure completely automated. In Chapter 3, this on-fiber derivatization technique was tested on standards of 14 controlled substances as well as on realistic samples including simulated “street meth”, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in mixed drinks, and hallucinogenic mushrooms, and was also tested on several controlled substances as solid powders. Future work in this area is discussed in Chapter 4, including adapting the method to toxicological analyses both in biological fluids and in hair. Some of the expected difficulties in doing so are discussed, including the endogenous nature of GHB in the human body. The presence of natural GHB in beverages is also discussed, which highlights the need for a quantitative addition to the method. Additional method improvements are also discussed, including proposed solutions for complete derivatization of more of the analytes, and for decreasing analysis time.
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    Formation and identification of novel derivatives of primary amine and zwitterionic drugs
    (Elsevier, 2018-08) Ash, Jordan; Hickey, Logan; Goodpaster, John V.; Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Science
    Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is a “workhorse” in the analysis of controlled substances in forensic laboratories. However, many drugs are not amenable to GC–MS due to thermal instability, non-ideal interactions in the column, or both. To improve the suitability of a molecule for analysis by GC–MS, derivatization can be employed. Derivatization replaces a labile hydrogen in the analyte molecule with a more stable functional group. In this paper, three different derivatization agents were tested for effectiveness with two classes of drugs: primary amines (i.e., amphetamine and 2C-I) and zwitterions (i.e., gabapentin, lorazepam, vigabatrin, pregabalin, and clorazepate). Trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) was used as an acylating agent and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) was used as a silylating agent. Dimethylformamide-dimethyl acetal (DMF-DMA), which has not been previously used for derivatization of drugs, was used as an alkylating agent. DMF-DMA was found to form dimethylaminomethylene derivatives with several primary amines and zwitterions. Amphetamine, 2C-I, gabapentin, and lorazepam were all detected in their underivatized form but generally suffered from peak asymmetry and band broadening. Derivatization resulted in drastic improvements in their chromatographic behavior. Vigabatrin, clorazepate and pregabalin were not detectable in their underivatized form. However, the trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivative of clorazepate was readily detected by GC–MS, as were the TMS and trifluoroacetyl (TFA) derivatives of vigabatrin. Derivatization of pregabalin was not successful, resulting in multiple chromatographic peaks with each derivatization agent. The mass spectra of several derivatives were not found in commercially available mass spectral databases. Hence, those spectra are reported here with interpretation of their fragmentation.
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    Gonzalez, attorney general, et al. v. Oregon et al.
    (2005-10) United States. Supreme Court
    Supreme Court case that upheld the "Oregon Death With Dignity Act", allowing physicians the right to use controlled substances for the purposes of assisted suicide.
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    The Indiana INSPECT Evaluation: Key Findings and Recommendations from a Descriptive Analysis of INSPECT Data
    (Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, 2014-09) Kooreman, Harold; Greene, Marion; Xavier-Brier, Marik; Wright, Eric
    The purpose of this report is to provide a descriptive analysis of 2011-2013 INSPECT data. Most of the controlled substances dispensed in the observed time period were opioids, especially hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen combinations (e.g., Vicodin). Benzodiazepines also contributed to a large portion of dispensations. Potential doctor-shoppers were more likely to be younger and had filled a higher number of opioid prescriptions than individuals characterized as non-shoppers. More dispensations of opioid analgesics were attributable to MDs than any other profession with prescription privileges.