Browsing by Subject "continuous positive airway pressure"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Does Acute Exercise Improve Driving Performance in Patients with Untreated Obstructive Sleep Apnea?
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2013-04-05) Patel, Niral; White, Caylen
    Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent, yet frequently undiagnosed sleep disorder that often is associated with excessive daytime fatigue, and increased risk for motor vehicle accidents. Although treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is effective, adherence in many patients with OSA is often problematic. The primary objective of this study is to determine if a brief bout of moderate-intensity exercise improves driving performance in those who have recently been diagnosed with, are awaiting treatment for OSA. Each participant will complete two visits to the TASI Driving Simulator Lab where they will perform two 20-minute driving simulation tests, one of which will involve a brief (10-min) bout of moderate-intensity exercise (e.g. walking briskly). Measures of interest during the driving simulation trials include lane deviation, collision events, and braking response time. We hypothesize that driving performance will be improved during simulated driving trials where OSA patients participate in short duration exercise immediately before driving. The research proposed in this application is significant because our focus is on an inexpensive intervention (i.e. exercise) available to virtually all OSA patients that may have short- and long-term potential for improving key OSArelated outcomes considered essential for driving safety.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Does Acute Exercise Improve Driving Performance In Patients With Untreated Sleep Apnea?
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2013-04-05) Patel, Parag; Pritchard, Kevin
    Decreased awareness among drivers with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition in which the airflow decreases during breathing, has been shown to increase motor vehicular crash risk. Those who suffer from OSA have been found to have between a two and tenfold increase of accident risk due to feelings of fatigue resulting from fragmented sleep (George, C.F.P. 2007). Treatment using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has shown mixed effects in improving driver performance (Vkaulin, et al., 2011). Therefore, our objective is to determine if acute aerobic exercise (i.e. walking) prior to driving for patients with OSA can reduce the amount of accidents. Patients with OSA that are awaiting sleep apnea treatment will first undergo a ten minute moderate-intensity exercise session and then use a high fidelity driving simulator for the next fifteen minutes. A nighttime countryside scenario with two naturalistic obstacles at random times will be used. While the subject is driving, the simulator will record lane deviation, collision events, and braking response time. The same subjects will also test the simulator without doing any exercise in order to determine if there was any benefit from the exercise. The order of the simulator sessions, both with and without exercise, will be randomized to prevent practice effect. We hope to see improved driving behavior when the subjects undergo a ten minute aerobic exercise prior to driving.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Use of continuous positive airway pressure reduces airway reactivity in adults with asthma
    (European Respiratory Journal, 2013-02) Busk, Michael; Busk, Nancy; Puntenney, Paula; Hutchins, Janet; Yu, Zhangsheng; Gunst, Susan J.; Tepper, Robert S.; Department of Pediatrics, IU School of Medicine
    Asthma is characterised by airway hyperreactivity, which is primarily treated with β-adrenergic bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory agents. However, mechanical strain during breathing is an important modulator of airway responsiveness and we have previously demonstrated in animal models that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) resulted in lower in vivo airway reactivity. We now evaluated whether using nocturnal CPAP decreased airway reactivity in clinically-stable adults with asthma. Adults with stable asthma and normal spirometry used nocturnal CPAP (8-10 cmH(2)O) or sham treatment (0-2 cmH(2)O) for 7 days. Spirometry and bronchial challenges were obtained before and after treatment. The primary outcome was the provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (PC(20)). The CPAP group (n=16) had a significant decrease in airway reactivity (change in (Δ)logPC(20) 0.406, p<0.0017) while the sham group (n=9) had no significant change in airway reactivity (ΔlogPC(20) 0.003, p=0.9850). There was a significant difference in the change in airway reactivity for the CPAP versus the sham group (ΔlogPC(20) 0.41, p<0.043). Our findings indicate that chronic mechanical strain of the lungs produced using nocturnal CPAP for 7 days reduced airway reactivity in clinically stable asthmatics. Future studies of longer duration are required to determine whether CPAP can also decrease asthma symptoms and/or medication usage.