Browsing by Subject "cognitive behavioral therapy"
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Item Assessment and Treatment of Noise Hypersensitivity in a Teenager with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Study(Springer, 2021-06) Fodstad, Jill C.; Kerswill, Stephanie A.; Kirsch, Alexandra C.; Lagges, Ann; Schmidt, Jonathan; Psychiatry, School of MedicineNoise hypersensitivity is a poorly understood symptom of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). For some, problem behaviors co-occur with the aversive noise. Limited literature exists on treating noise hypersensitivity; however, noise hypersensitivity may be related to a specific phobia. This case study utilizes modified Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to address anxiety, avoidance, and problem behaviors evoked by noise in a teen with ASD and mild Intellectual Disability (ID). Using multi-method assessment and individualized treatment, problem behaviors reduced, and independent coping strategies use occurred. Successful desensitization supports the efficacy of modified CBT as a treatment for noise-related anxiety and problem behaviors in individuals with ASD and ID. Outcomes are discussed considering intervention difficulties for noise hypersensitivity in a complex and diverse population.Item Can behavioral therapies assist with cannabis use disorder?(Wolters Kluwer, 2023-04) Adame, John D.; Jhon, Nogales-Pimienta; Poonia, Jasmin; Family Medicine, School of MedicinePsychosocial/behavioral interventions (primarily cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational enhancement therapy) decrease cannabis use frequency (SOR: A, systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials [RCTs]). Digital treatment interventions are also effective in reducing cannabis use, albeit with a small overall effect size (SOR: A, systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs).Item Engagement and Usability of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Mobile App Compared With Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Among College Students: Randomized Heuristic Trial(JMIR, 2020) Purkayastha, Saptarshi; Addepally, Siva Abhishek; Bucher, Sherri; BioHealth Informatics, School of Informatics and ComputingBackground: Recent evidence in mobile health has demonstrated that, in some cases, apps are an effective way to improve health care delivery. Health care interventions delivered via mobile technology have demonstrated both practicality and affordability. Lately, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions delivered over the internet have also shown a meaningful impact on patients with anxiety and depression. Objective: Given the growing proliferation of smartphones and the trust in apps to support improved health behaviors and outcomes, we were interested in comparing a mobile app with Web-based methods for the delivery of CBT. This study aimed to compare the usability of a CBT mobile app called MoodTrainer with an evidence-based website called MoodGYM. Methods: We used convenience sampling to recruit 30 students from a large Midwestern university and randomly assigned them to either the MoodGYM or MoodTrainer user group. The trial period ran for 2 weeks, after which the students completed a self-assessment survey based on Nielsen heuristics. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the survey results from the 2 groups. We also compared the number of modules attempted or completed and the time spent on CBT strategies. Results: The results indicate that the MoodTrainer app received a higher usability score when compared with MoodGYM. Overall, 87% (13/15) of the participants felt that it was easy to navigate through the MoodTrainer app compared with 80% (12/15) of the MoodGYM participants. All MoodTrainer participants agreed that the app was easy to use and did not require any external assistance, whereas only 67% (10/15) had the same opinion for MoodGYM. Furthermore, 67% (10/15) of the MoodTrainer participants found that the navigation controls were easy to locate compared with 80% (12/15) of the MoodGYM participants. MoodTrainer users, on average, completed 2.5 modules compared with 1 module completed by MoodGYM users. Conclusions: As among the first studies to directly compare the usability of a mobile app–based CBT with smartphone-specific features against a Web-based CBT, there is an opportunity for app-based CBT as, at least in our limited trial, it was more usable and engaging. The study was limited to evaluate usability only and not the clinical effectiveness of the app.Item Evaluating the Real-World Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavior Therapy Efficacy Research on Eating Disorders: A Case Study from a Community-based Clinical Setting(Wiley, 2011-01) Lowe, Michael R.; Bunnell, Douglas W.; Neeren, Amy M.; Chernyak, Yelena; Greberman, LaurelObjective There is a growing consensus that there is a need to test the real-world effectiveness of eating disorder therapies that show promise in efficacy research. The current paper provides a narrative account of an NIMH-funded study that attempted to apply efficacy findings from CBT research to an Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP) at the largest community-based eating disorder program in the United States. Method We describe the study as originally envisioned as well as the various challenges that the researchers and the IOP staff encountered in implementing this study. Results The different training, assumptions, and “ways of knowing” of the research team and the treatment staff in regard to the nature of eating disorders and their treatment created multiple challenges for both groups during the study period. We describe valuable lessons learned about how to - and how not to -implement effectiveness designs in clinical settings that are relatively unfamiliar with empirically-based research findings. Discussion It is hoped that our experience in attempting to apply efficacy-based research findings on eating disorders treatment in a community-based clinical setting will prove helpful to other researchers and service providers engaging in such translational research.Item Is individual cognitive behavioral therapy as effective as antidepressants in patients with major depressive disorder?(Wolters Kluwer, 2021-05) Dams, Travis J.; Dhesi, Tajinder S.; Family Medicine, School of MedicineItem A Pilot Test of Group Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Augment Vocational Services for Persons With Serious Mental Illness: Feasibility and Competitive Work Outcomes(Wolters Kluwer, 2018-05) Kukla, Marina; Strasburger, Amy M.; Salyers, Michelle P.; Rollins, Angela L.; Lysaker, Paul H.; Psychology, School of SciencePersons with serious mental illness (SMI) struggle with work functioning even with the assistance of vocational services. The current study sought to address this problem by examining a cognitive-behavioral therapy to augment vocational services. Fifty-two adults with SMI receiving vocational services participated in a pre-post feasibility trial of the Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Work Success (CBTw) intervention. CBTw is a 12-week manualized intervention that addresses cognitive and behavioral factors that impact work functioning. Competitive work outcomes were assessed in the 12 weeks preceding baseline and after the intervention. The results demonstrate strong session attendance and a low attrition rate. There were also significant improvements in work outcomes. Specifically, among participants unemployed at baseline, 50.0% attained work during follow-up. These findings provide preliminary evidence that CBTw may be a feasible intervention to augment vocational services; further controlled research should examine its benefit to work outcomes in people with SMI.Item Potential Benefit with Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis(American Gastroenterological Association, 2020-09-19) Billings, Wade; Mathur, Karan; Craven, Hannah J.; Xu, Huiping; Shin, AndreaBACKGROUND AND AIMS: Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may pursue complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). We conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis examining efficacy of CAM vs. placebo or sham in adults with IBS. METHODS: Publication databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of CAM therapies (herbal therapy, dietary supplements, mind-body based, body-based, and energy- healing) in adults with IBS. Data were extracted to obtain pooled estimates of mean improvement in abdominal pain (standardized mean difference [SMD]) and relative risk (RR) of overall response using random effects models. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses along with quality assessments were completed. RESULTS: Among 2825 articles identified, 66 were included. Herbal therapy (SMD=0.47, 95% CI: 2 0.20 to 0.75, I^2=82%) demonstrated significant benefit over placebo for abdominal pain (low confidence in estimates). Benefit with mind-body based therapy for abdominal pain was of 2 borderline significance (SMD=0.29, 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.59, I^2=78%). Herbal therapy (RR=1.57, 22 95% CI: 1.31 to 1.88, I^2=77%), dietary supplements (RR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.02 to 3.73, I^2=75%), 2 and mind-body based therapy (RR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.49, I^2=63%) showed benefit for overall response compared to placebo (low confidence in estimates). Body-based and energy healing therapies demonstrated no significant benefit over placebo or sham for abdominal pain or overall response. CONCLUSION: CAM therapies such as herbal or dietary supplements and mind-body based approaches may be beneficial for abdominal pain and overall response in IBS. However, overall quality of evidence is low. Rigorous, high quality clinical trials are warranted to investigate CAM in IBS.Item A randomized controlled trial examining a cognitive behavioral therapy intervention enhanced with cognitive remediation to improve work and neurocognition outcomes among persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorders(Elsevier, 2018-07) Kukla, Marina; Bell, Morris D.; Lysaker, Paul H.; Psychology, School of ScienceThis single blind, three-armed randomized controlled trial compared cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) enhanced with cognitive remediation (CBT + CR) to CBT alone and an active control condition on work and neurocognition outcomes for persons with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Seventy-five adult outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were randomized to three study conditions (N = 25 per group). The CBT intervention was the Indianapolis Vocational Intervention program (IVIP), consisting of weekly group and individual sessions focused on work-related content. Participants in the CBT + CR group received IVIP and Posit Science computer-based cognitive training. The active control group consisted of weekly vocational support groups and individual vocational support sessions. All participants were placed into a noncompetitive work assignment and were followed for 26 weeks. Data collection included hours worked, weekly work performance ratings, and neurocognition assessed at baseline and 6 months. Neurocognition was also assessed at 12 months. Data were analyzed using multilevel linear models to account for nested, repeated measures data. Results indicate that participants in the CBT + CR condition worked significantly more hours and had a more positive trajectory of improving global work performance and work quality across the study compared with the CBT alone and vocational support condition. Compared to the other conditions, CBT + CR also had a significant increase in overall neurocognition that continued to the 12 month follow-up, particularly in the domains of verbal learning and social cognition. In conclusion, CBT + CR may be an effective intervention to improve work functioning and neurocognition in persons with schizophrenia.Item Subjective Experiences of the Benefits and Key Elements of a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention Focused on Community Work Outcomes in Persons With Mental Illness(Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, 2017-01) Kukla, Marina; Strasburger, Amy M.; Salyers, Michelle P.; Rattray, Nicholas A.; Lysaker, Paul H.; Department of Psychology, School of ScienceNew research suggests that group-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may help improve employment outcomes in persons with mental illness, yet the effects and potential key elements facilitating change in such interventions are unclear. Using a mixed methods approach, this study examined the perspectives of persons with mental illness after participating in a pilot study of the “CBT for Work Success” intervention. Findings demonstrate that participants valued the intervention and perceived that it assisted them in achieving work goals. Therapeutic effects included improved self-efficacy, work motivation, enhanced sense of self as workers, and increased beliefs that work success is attainable. CBT for Work Success elements perceived to be important in facilitating work goals included cognitive restructuring, behavioral coping strategies, problem solving work barriers, meaningful reflection on oneself as a worker, and important factors associated with the group process. The authors discuss the implications of these findings and future research directions.Item Work-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Complement Vocational Services for People With Mental Illness: Pilot Study Outcomes Across a 6-Month Posttreatment Follow-Up(APA, 2019) Kukla, Marina; Salyers, Michelle P.; Strasburger, Amy M.; Johnson-Kwochka, Annalee; Amador, Emily; Lysaker, Paul H.; Psychiatry, School of MedicineObjective: People with mental illness frequently have trouble obtaining and keeping competitive employment and struggle with on-the-job performance. To address these issues, the manualized, group-based, 12-session Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Work Success (CBTw) intervention was developed and tested in an open trial. Although posttreatment work outcomes were promising, lasting effects associated with the intervention are unknown. Method: This article presents the 6-month posttreatment work outcomes of the open trial of CBTw in 52 adults with mental illness who were concurrently receiving VA vocational services. Work outcomes included work status, hours worked and wages earned, steady work status, and work performance and effectiveness. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variances (ANOVAs) and within groups t tests. Results: Findings demonstrate that 75% of unemployed participants at baseline obtained competitive work during the study period. During the 6-month follow-up period, 73% of workers attained steady work status (i.e., working at least 50% of the follow-up period). In addition, during the 6-month follow-up period, working participants averaged significantly more hours of work per week and higher wages earned per hour as compared with the baseline period and the 12-week postintervention period. Finally, among workers, reports of work effectiveness remained high at 6 months and work productivity disruptions remained low at follow-up. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: These findings suggest that CBTw may potentially be a useful tool to enhance the effects of vocational programs. Future work should test CBTw in a randomized controlled trial and examine strategies for implementation in real-world vocational service settings.