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Item Infective Endocarditis in Low- And Middle-Income Countries(Elsevier, 2017-02) Njuguna, Benson; Gardner, Adrian; Karwa, Rakhi; Delahaye, François; Department of Medicine, School of MedicineInfective endocarditis (IE) is a rare, life-threatening disease with a mortality rate of upto 25% and significant debilitating morbidities. Although much has been reported on contemporary IE in high income countries, conclusions on the state of IE in low and middle income countries (LMICs) are based on studies conducted before the year 2000. Furthermore, unique challenges in the diagnosis and management of IE persist in LMICs. This article is a review of IE studies conducted in LMICs documenting clinical experiences from the year 2000 to present. We present the causes of IE, management of patients with IE and the prevailing challenges in diagnosis and treatment of IE in LMICs.Item The Women & Girls Index 2021: Measuring Giving to Women’s and Girls’ Causes(2021-10-26) Skidmore, Tessa; Bergdoll, Jon; Osili, Una; Ackerman, Jacqueline; Sager, JeannieWomen’s and girls’ organizations appear in every nonproft subsector, spanning causes including education, health, the environment, and the arts. During the past fve years, events like the Women’s March and #MeToo movement have shined a spotlight on gender-related issues such as reproductive rights and sexual harassment and abuse. More recently, the COVID-19 pandemic, racial justice movement, and climate crisis have highlighted inequities—including gender disparities—in the United States and around the world. Despite increased public attention to these issues, the Women & Girls Index (WGI), created by the Women’s Philanthropy Institute (WPI) in 2019 and updated in 2020, revealed that philanthropic support for organizations dedicated to women and girls makes up a small fraction of overall charitable giving.