Browsing by Subject "barium sulfate"

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    Effects of Radiopaque Double Antibiotic Pastes on the Proliferation, Alkaline Phosphatase Activity and Mineral Deposition of Dental Pulp Stem Cells
    (Elsevier, 2020-09) Wu, Jennifer L.; McIntyre, Patrick W.; Hong, Jung Min; Yassen, Ghaeth H.; Bruzzaniti, Angela; Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, School of Dentistry
    Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two radiopaque agents, barium sulfate (BaSO4) or zirconium oxide (ZrO2) in double antibiotic paste (DAP), on the proliferation and mineral deposition of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). Materials and methods Radiopaque antimicrobial medicaments composed of methylcellulose (MC) thickening polymer with BaSO4 or ZrO2 and either 1 or 5 mg/mL DAP (equal portions of metronidazole and ciprofloxacin) were used to investigate DPSC proliferation after 3 days, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineral deposition after 7 and 14 days. Radiopaque agents without DAP and Ca(OH)2 were used as controls. Results MC-BaSO4 DAP and MC-ZrO2 DAP at 1 or 5 mg/mL had no adverse effect on DPSC proliferation, compared to the media and MC controls. MC-ZrO2 (DAP-free) greatly increased ALP activity after 7 days. DPSC mineral deposition was modestly reduced at 7 days by MC-BaSO4 DAP and MC-ZrO2 DAP, but not by DAP-free radiopaque agents, and was most reduced by 5 mg/mL DAP in the 14-day cultures. Conclusions MC-BaSO4 or MC-ZrO2 medicaments containing up to 5 mg/mL of DAP supported the proliferation and early osteogenic differentiation of DPSC. Low DAP concentrations and short culture times led to more favorable effects on ALP activity and mineral deposition by DPSC. The findings suggest that radiopaque agents added for the purpose of detecting whether medicaments occupy the full extent of the root canal may have clinical applications. Radiopaque antibiotic medicaments containing low DAP concentrations may be an alternative to Ca(OH)2 for regenerative endodontic procedures.
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    The Radiopacity and Antimicrobial Properties of Different Radiopaque Double Antibiotic Pastes Used in Regenerative Endodontics
    (Elsevier, 2018-09) Verma, Rohan; Fischer, Benjamin I.; Gregory, Richard L.; Yassen, Ghaeth H.; Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, School of Dentistry
    Introduction We evaluated the radiopacity and antibacterial properties of various concentrations of double antibiotic paste (DAP) containing barium sulfate (BaSO4) or zirconium oxide (ZrO2) radiopaque agents. Methods The radiopacity of 1, 10, and 25 mg/mL DAP containing 30% (w/v) BaSO4 or ZrO2, DAP-free radiopaque pastes, and commercially available radiopaque calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2) were evaluated according to ISO 6876/2001 with slight modifications (n = 6 per group). Dentin samples (n = 70) infected anaerobically for 3 weeks with bacterial biofilms obtained from a root canal of an immature tooth with pulpal necrosis were treated with similar experimental pastes or received no treatment (n = 7). After 1 week, the pastes were rinsed off, and biofilm disruption assays were conducted. To show the residual antibacterial effects, sterile dentin samples (n = 70) were pretreated for 1 week with the same pastes (n = 7). The pastes were rinsed off, and the samples were immersed in phosphate-buffered saline for 24 hours and infected anaerobically with the same bacterial biofilm mentioned earlier for 3 weeks before conducting biofilm disruption assays. Sterile dentin blocks were used in both antibacterial analyses as negative control groups (n = 7). Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used for statistical analyses. Results No tested concentrations of BaSO4 DAP or ZrO2 DAP showed significant differences from Ca(OH)2 in radiopacity. However, all tested concentrations of BaSO4 DAP, ZrO2 DAP, and Ca(OH)2 exhibited significant direct antibacterial effects. ZrO2 DAP at 1 mg/mL and Ca(OH)2 did not show significant residual antibacterial effects. Conclusions BaSO4 DAP at 1 mg/mL provided significantly superior residual antibacterial effects and comparable radiopacity with the commercially available Ca(OH)2.