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Item Assessing the Effectiveness of New Virtual Reality Technology for Inducing Instability during Stance(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2015-04-17) Magnuson, Nathan; Ott, Paxton; Lotz, Cory; Roach, James; Amefia, Essi NatachaThe Oculus Rift is new VR technology that is portable and inexpensive, but its usefulness for the study of balance has yet to be tested. The purpose of this research is to establish an affordable and portable Riftbased balance measuring “kit” that can be used in the field or clinic. The kinesiology students developed an algorithm to test the consistency and accuracy between force plates that will be included in the ‘kit.’ The results showed very little deviation between force plates when measuring the force of a 4.5 N object and that the force plate could reliably capture body sway. Simultaneously, 4 students developed the software for the Rift. To do so they connected the Rift with Unity, a gaming engine used to create the VR scene consisting of a city street with sidewalks and buildings that the subjects will enter. They further programmed the VR scene so that it will appear to the subject to translate back and forth in the fore-aft to disrupt balance. With hardware and software for the “kits” having been developed, pilot testing can begin to examine impact of visual movement produced through translation of the Rift VR scene on balance.Item Effects of Pre-Collegiate Sport Specialization on Cognitive, Postural, and Psychological Functions: Findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium(MDPI, 2022-02) Chou, Tsung-Yeh; Caccese, Jaclyn B.; Huang, Yu-Lun; Glutting, Joseph J.; Buckley, Thomas A.; Broglio, Steven P.; McAllister, Thomas W.; McCrea, Michael A.; Pasquina, Paul F.; Kaminski, Thomas W.; Psychiatry, School of MedicineBackground: Early sport specialization has been associated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries and unfavorable psychological outcomes; however, it is unknown whether sport specialization is associated with worse cognitive, postural, and psychological functions in first-year collegiate student-athletes. Methods: First-year collegiate multisport (MA) and single-sport (SA) student-athletes were identified using a pre-collegiate sport experience questionnaire. The cognitive, postural, and psychological functions were assessed by the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT), Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC), Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI-18). Results: MA student-athletes performed higher in cognitive outcomes (e.g., higher ImPACT visual memory composite scores [ß = 0.056, p < 0.001]), but had higher psychological distress (e.g., higher BSI-18 global severity index [ß = 0.057, p < 0.001]) and no difference in postural stability (p > 0.05) than SA student-athletes. Conclusions: This study indicated first-year collegiate athletes with a history of sport specialization demonstrate lower cognitive performance but decreased psychological distress and no differences in static postural stability as compared to their MA counterparts. Future studies should consider involving different health measures to better understand the influence of sport specialization on overall physical and mental health.Item Fall Prevention at a Local Fitness Center(2022-05-01) Parker, Kirsten; Bednarski, Julie; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences; Armstrong, IsabelAbstract Falls are the leading cause of fatal and nonfatal injuries in adults over the age of 65 with 1 in 4 experiencing a fall in their lifetime (Stark et al., 2018). With a growing number of community-dwelling older adult clientele returning to the gym following the Covid-19 pandemic, the leadership at a fitness center in Fishers, IN found a gap in their services. A collaboration began between an Indiana University Doctor of Occupational Therapy capstone student and this a fitness center in Fishers, IN club to develop and implement an evidence-based fall prevention program through an occupational therapy lens to meet the needs of the older adult clients at a fitness center in Fishers, IN An eight-week program was administered, and results suggest an increase in group members’ balance-related self-confidence scores utilizing the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale as a pre and posttest. Program satisfaction was measured through use of a nonstandardized survey and analyzed for sustainability purposes of the program.Item Physical and Psychological Health Outcomes of Qigong Exercise in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis(World Scientific, 2019) Chang, Pei-Shiun; Knobf, Tish; Oh, Byeongsang; Funk, Marjorie; School of NursingPhysical limitations, depression and anxiety are prevalent among older adults. Mild to moderate exercise can promote physical and psychological health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Qigong, a type of Chinese traditional medicine exercise, has demonstrated beneficial effects on physical ability and mental health in adults with chronic conditions. The purpose of this review was to systematically assess the effects of Qigong exercise on physical and psychological health outcomes in older adults. A total of 1282 older adults aged 62 to 83 years with depressive symptoms, frailty or chronic medical illnesses were included in this review. The meta-analysis showed that Qigong exercise resulted in significantly improved physical ability compared with active control or usual care (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.00 and 1.20, respectively). The pooled effects of studies with thrice weekly Qigong sessions had the greatest effect (SMD=1.65) on physical ability in older adults. Lower quality studies demonstrated larger effect sizes than those of higher quality. Although Qigong exercise showed favorable effects on depression, balance and functioning, the overall effects did not reach statistical significance. No significant adverse events were reported. The findings suggest that the Qigong exercise may be an option for older adults to improve physical ability, functional ability, balance and to lessen depression and anxiety. However, the number of RCTs that enroll older adults is limited. More methodologically sound RCTs are needed to confirm the efficacy of Qigong exercise on physical and psychological health in older adults with chronic illnesses.Item Rationale to reduce calcium intake in adult patients with chronic kidney disease(Wolters Kluwer, 2018-07) Moe, Sharon M.; Medicine, School of MedicinePurpose of review Calcium is an essential ion for the maintenance of normal bone health and physiologic functions. The extracellular and intracellular levels of calcium are maintained through hormonal regulation called homeostasis. Balance, the net intake minus excretion of calcium, is maintained by hormonal regulation of intestinal absorption and fecal/urinary excretion. Homeostasis and balance are disconnected in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this review is to understand how calcium homeostasis and balance are impaired in CKD. Recent findings Two formal calcium balance studies have found that an oral intake of 800–1000 mg of calcium in adults with CKD leads to neutral calcium balance, whereas amounts greater than that lead to positive calcium balance. In patients with CKD, the main determinant of positive calcium balance is the intake and the lack of urinary calcium excretion. Summary Calcium balance is different in patients with advanced CKD compared with patients without CKD. Thus, the oral intake of calcium in the form of diet and binders should not exceed 800–1000 mg/day to achieve neutral calcium balance in adult patients with CKD stages 3b/4.