Browsing by Subject "adverse pregnancy outcomes"

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    The Impact of Self-Reported Alcohol, Tobacco, and Recreational Drug Use during Pregnancy on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in First-Time Mothers
    (Thieme Medical Publishers, 2022-09-12) Daggy, Joanne K.; Silver, Robert M.; Guise, David; Haas, David M.; Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Medicine
    Objective: The objective of this study was to derive profiles of alcohol, tobacco, and recreational drug use during pregnancy for first-time mothers with latent class growth analysis (LCGA) and determine the association of these classes with the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO). Study Design: A secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of Nulliparous Outcomes in Pregnancy: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be was conducted in eight medical centers across the United States from September 30, 2010, to September 23, 2013. Self-reported use of any alcohol, tobacco, or recreational drugs in the 1 month prior to the visit was assessed at up to four visits throughout pregnancy, and APOs included a composite of preterm birth, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP), small for gestational age (SGA) infant, or stillbirth, and each adverse outcome separately. Results: Four latent classes were identified from the LCGA for 10,031 nulliparous pregnant women that were on average 26.9 years old (standard deviation [SD] = 5.7) and mostly non-Hispanic White (59.7%). Classes included consistent tobacco users (N = 517, 5.2%), nonusers (N = 8,945, 89.2%), alcohol users (N = 500, 5.0%), and a combination of alcohol/tobacco/drug users (N = 69, 0.7%). Logistic regression demonstrated that the class of tobacco users was more likely to have an APO (odds ratio [OR] = 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22–1.81), preterm birth (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.15–2.02), and SGA (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.36–2.35) relative to the class of nonusers. The class of alcohol users was more likely to have HDP (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.11–1.70) and less likely to have preterm birth (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.38–0.90) and SGA (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.40–0.93) compared to nonusers. Conclusion: Trajectories of substance use are associated with APOs; thus, interventions to mitigate the use when encountered early in pregnancy are warranted. Key Points: - Four classes of substance use were identified. - Tobacco users were at a higher risk of APO and alcohol users were at higher risk of HDP. - Mitigation strategies are warranted to reduce APO.
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    VALIDATION OF IMPRINTED GENES ON HUMAN CHROMOSOME 6 EXPRESSED IN THE PLACENTA
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2013-04-05) Brenneman, Anna; Reiter, Jill
    One of the most critical health issues facing women and children is pre-term birth. A major cause of pre-term birth is poor placentation, which results in inadequate blood flow and nutrient transfer to the developing fetus. Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic mechanism that results in allele-specific expression (ASE) that is dependent on the parent of origin. Imprinted genes are critical for placental development and Loss of imprinting (LOI) is associated with aberrant placentation and adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. LOI refers to re-expression of the silenced allele, which appears to occur in a developmental stage-specific manner in human placenta. Our goal is to better define the set of imprinted genes in the placenta, which would provide the framework for identifying epigenetic mechanisms that are important in human placental development. Imprinted genes are frequently located in clusters on chromosomes. This project will test whether several genes located near two known imprinted genes, PLAGL1 and HYMAI (non-coding RNA), on chromosome 6 are imprinted in the human placenta. The genes that will be examined are PHACTR2, STX11, LTV1, C6orf94, and SF5B3. Our approach involves real-time qPCR and high resolution melt (HRM) analysis for genotyping and determining the relative expression of the maternal and paternal alleles in heterozygous placentas. We have identified several informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with minor allele frequencies >0.1 that are located in the transcribed region of PLAGL1, rs36120645 and rs2076684; HYMAI, rs28364590 and rs12524155; PHACTR2, rs10447447 and rs3734226; and STX1, rs3734227. PCR assays have been designed and optimized for HRM and qPCR assays. Current efforts are in identifying placental DNA samples for heterozygosity of each gene. Future endeavors will examine ASE from each gene, and test whether monoallelic expression is parent-of-origin specific.