Browsing by Subject "adverse childhood experiences"
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Item Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and their Impact on Substance Misuse & Overall Health(Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, 2018-03) Balio, Casey; Greene, MarionAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) encompass a wide variety of distressing events, including emotional, physical, or sexual abuse; witnessing maternal domestic violence; or living with a household member who has a substance use disorder, is mentally ill or suicidal, or is currently or was ever incarcerated during the first 18 years of a child’s life. According to most recent estimates, nearly half of Indiana’s youth have experienced at least one ACE in their life. ACEs are linked to many risk behaviors, including substance use, which can adversely affect health outcomes.Item Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mental Health Conditions Among Multiracial Adolescents(Taylor & Francis, 2021) Weller, Bridget E.; Conrad, Joseph K.; Wilburn, Victoria G.; Ramamonjiarivelo, Jo; Gladden, Jessica; Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human SciencesThe relationships between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and mental health conditions have received much attention in the literature. A particularly well-documented type of ACE is household dysfunction. However, compared to monoracial youth, little is known about the relationship between this type of ACE and mental health outcomes among multiracial adolescents. Objective The objective of this study was to verify the factor structure of the household dysfunction type of ACE using data from the National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH), and then examine whether household dysfunction (measured as a latent construct) was associated with mental health conditions among multiracial adolescents. Design We used cross-sectional data collected in 2016 from caregivers who completed the NSCH and analyzed data from a subpopulation of adolescents (12–17) who reported more than one race (n = 1,231). Mplus 8.4 was used to conduct confirmatory factor analysis and probit models from a structural equation modeling framework. Results Results from this study indicated that the household dysfunction type of ACE, as a latent construct, had good model fit and was significantly associated with depression [standardized coefficient [B] = .50, 95% confidence interval [CI] .36, .65], anxiety [B = .61, 95% CI .48, .73], behavior problems [B = .58, 95% CI .44, .72], and ADHD [B = .54, 95% CI .38, .69] for multiracial adolescents. Conclusions Household dysfunction may result in adolescents being separated (physically or emotionally) from their caregivers, which may hinder adolescents’ ability to establish or maintain one of the most important relationships needed to promote racial/ethnic identity development and mental health. Implications for advancements in theory and NSCH are presented.Item The adverse childhood experiences questionnaire: Two decades of research on childhood trauma as a primary cause of adult mental illness, addiction, and medical diseases(Taylor & Francis, 2019-01-01) Zarse, Emily M.; Neff, Mallory R.; Yoder, Rachel; Hulvershorn, Leslie; Chambers, Joanna E.; Chambers, R. Andrew; Psychiatry, School of MedicineObjective. In 1998, Felitti and colleagues published the first study of the Adverse Childhood Experiences-Questionnaire (ACE-Q), a 10-item scale used to correlate childhood maltreatment and adverse rearing contexts with adult health outcomes. This paper qualitatively reviews nearly two decades of research utilizing the ACE-Q, highlighting its contribution to our understanding of the causal roots of common, interlinked comorbidities of the brain and body.Methods. An OVID/PubMed search was conducted for English language articles published before 2016, containing the phrase “Adverse Childhood Experiences” in which the ACE-Q was utilized. Source review included a manual search of bibliographies, resulting in 134 articles, including 44 based on the original ACE-Q study population.Results. ACE-Q research has demonstrated that exposures to adverse childhood experiences converge dose-dependently to potently increase the risk for a wide array of causally interlinked mental illnesses, addictions, and multi-organ medical diseases. The intergenerational transmission of this disease burden via disrupted parenting and insecure rearing contexts is apparent throughout this literature. However, the ACE-Q does not tease out genetic or fetal drug exposure components of this transmission.Conclusions. Adverse childhood experiences and rearing may generate a public health burden that could rival or exceed all other root causes. Translating this information to health-care reform will require strengthening brain-behavioral health as core public and preventative health-care missions. Greater integration of mental health and addiction services for parents should be accompanied by more research into brain mechanisms impacted by different forms and interactions between adverse childhood experiences.Item Beyond the Lines: Exploring the Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on NCAA Student-Athlete Health(CSRI, 2020) Brown, Braden J.; Jensen, Jakob F.; Hodgson, Jennifer L.; Schoemann, Alexander M.; Rappleyea, Damon L.; Family Medicine, School of MedicineEmerging research has highlighted a link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and various health concerns experienced by NCAA student-athletes. Building on prior work (Kaier, Cromer, Davis, & Strunk, 2015), we hypothesized that ACEs would significantly predict student-athletes’ biopsychosocial (BPS) health and that spirituality would serve as a protective factor against the effect of ACEs on BPS health outcomes. Division I, II, and III NCAA student-athletes (N = 477) representing 20 sports across 53 universities completed an online quantitative survey (k = 133) that assessed for ACEs, injury/physical health concerns, anxiety, depression, stress, social support, substance use, and spirituality. Nearly two-thirds (64.5%) of student-athletes endorsed at least one ACE. Structural Equation Models (SEMs) yielded significant positive relationships between ACEs and anxiety, depression, perceived stress, injury/health problems, and substance use, and a negative relationship with social support while controlling for sex, race, school, and division. Additionally, spirituality had a significant negative effect on anxiety, depression, perceived stress, injury/health problems, and substance use, and a positive effect on social support. SEM moderation analyses indicated that spirituality only moderated the relationship between ACEs and substance use. Specifically, at average and high levels of spirituality, the relationship between ACEs and substance use was stronger. Clinical implications, study limitations, and future research directions are discussed.Item Considerations for Occupational Therapists in Developing Community-Level Interventions for Youth with High Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)(Western Michigan University, 2022) Wilburn, Victoria G.; Huber, Megan E; Senter, Denise; Stoll, Hannah B.; Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human SciencesDrug misuse likely contributes to the over 30,000 children in foster care and to the 24.2% of children who have experienced two or more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Twenty-five percent of children are living in poverty, with nearly half of those living in single-parent households. Among the national guidelines to preventing ACEs are connecting youth with positive activities and providing family relationship enhancement opportunities. We believe the profession of occupational therapy can help contribute to the mental and behavioral health care workforce in a greater capacity than is currently used. Many children are not afforded the opportunity to engage in novel leisure pursuits that are essential for positive mental health function and well-being. Occupational therapists can assist in creating a culture of health and equity for youth by harnessing the power of play and leisure to promote self-healing communities.Item Girl Power: A Girls Empowerment and Social-Emotional Skills Program at the Boys and Girls Club(2024) Kelly, Chandler; Wasmuth, Sally; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences; Harris, LeeAnnDue to the circumstances of the home environment or living conditions, many of the students attending the Boys and Girls Club have experienced trauma and thus have high adverse childhood experience (ACE) scores. According to research, emotional regulation and coping skills can contribute to minimizing racial trauma and preventing adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Additionally, the program director of the Boys and Girls Club identified that many of the members have difficulty with emotional regulation, coping skills, and self-esteem. The purpose of this capstone project was to address and meet these needs by developing and implementing a girls empowerment, social-emotional skills program. Intervention activities focused on emotional regulation, coping skills, interoception, and self-esteem. The girls demonstrated satisfaction with their participation in the program by stating that they enjoyed the activities, reporting something they learned, and recommending the program to other girls. A digital and physical program handbook was created to improve sustainability and increase likelihood of continuation of program implementation after the conclusion of the capstone.Item The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Sexual Well-being among Youth Formerly in the Foster Care System(Child Welfare League of America, 2019) Brandon-Friedman, Richard A.; Fortenberry, J. Dennis; School of Social WorkThis study evaluates the impact of broad and singular measures of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and severity of sexual abuse on sexual well-being among youth formerly in the foster care system (YFFC). Divorce, alcohol/drug use within the home, the presence of mental illness or a family member suicide attempt, and sexual abuse severity increased odds of negative sexual outcomes and predicted lower sexual well-being. ACE levels negatively impacted outcomes but positively impacted sexual well-being. Research must move beyond summative ACE measures to examine the impact of types of ACEs and sexual abuse severity on sexual well-being and sexual health outcomes for YFFC.