Browsing by Subject "adults"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Eating Disorders in Adulthood
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2013-04-05) Mensah, Nicole Lurline; Rohr-Kirchgraber, Theresa; Stupiansky, Nathan; Teat, Rachel
    The lifetime prevalence of acquiring an Eating Disorder (ED) in the US is 0.6–4.5%. The focus of ED research has traditionally been in adolescents with minimal focus on adults. We aimed to compare and contrast the etiology and disease progression between two groups of adult patients with EDs: those diagnosed in adulthood versus those diagnosed in childhood (introduction). Thirty adult patient’s (29 females and 1 male) charts were reviewed from one eating disorders center. Data was extracted using a pre-constructed template and SPSS was used to determine existing trends (method). 50% were diagnosed with an ED in childhood and 50% in adulthood. The majority of the patients with an adult-onset ED were diagnosed with Eating Disorder not-otherwise-specified (ED-NOS). Common events that triggered the disease onset included death/ illness of a parent or child, and work-related stressors. In contrast, patients diagnosed as children had more varied diagnoses including ED-NOS, Bulimia Nervosa (BN), and Anorexia Nervosa (AN). Sexual abuse, personal illness, and the termination of a romantic relationship were common triggers in this patient group. Among all patients fatigue, emesis, constipation, diarrhea, heart palpitations, amenorrhea or irregular menses, and acid erosion of tooth enamel were common comorbidities. Psychiatric comorbidities, Major Depressive Disorder and Anxiety Disorder, were primarily seen and 29/30 patients were taking psychotropic medication to treat an underlying psychiatric illness at time of their first Eating disorder visit (results). The triggers and behaviors of patients diagnosed with EDs as children are different from patients diagnosed in adulthood. Regardless of the age of onset, comorbidities are equally severe and should be treated as such. The longer and ED remains untreated, the harder it is to get it into remission, therefore, adult health care providers must incorporate screening for ED’s when caring for this population (conclusion).
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    How effective is metformin in reducing cardiovascular risks in adults with T2DM?
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2021-10) Ahsani, Navid; Williams, Ashley P.; Family Medicine, School of Medicine
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    A Meta-Analysis to Determine the Impact of Restaurant Menu Labeling on Calories and Nutrients (Ordered or Consumed) in U.S. Adults
    (MDPI, 2017-09-30) Cantu-Jungles, Thaisa M.; McCormack, Lacey A.; Slaven, James E.; Slebodnik, Maribeth; Eicher-Miller, Heather A.; Biostatistics, School of Public Health
    A systematic review and meta-analysis determined the effect of restaurant menu labeling on calories and nutrients chosen in laboratory and away-from-home settings in U.S. adults. Cochrane-based criteria adherent, peer-reviewed study designs conducted and published in the English language from 1950 to 2014 were collected in 2015, analyzed in 2016, and used to evaluate the effect of nutrition labeling on calories and nutrients ordered or consumed. Before and after menu labeling outcomes were used to determine weighted mean differences in calories, saturated fat, total fat, carbohydrate, and sodium ordered/consumed which were pooled across studies using random effects modeling. Stratified analysis for laboratory and away-from-home settings were also completed. Menu labeling resulted in no significant change in reported calories ordered/consumed in studies with full criteria adherence, nor the 14 studies analyzed with ≤1 unmet criteria, nor for change in total ordered carbohydrate, fat, and saturated fat (three studies) or ordered or consumed sodium (four studies). A significant reduction of 115.2 calories ordered/consumed in laboratory settings was determined when analyses were stratified by study setting. Menu labeling away-from-home did not result in change in quantity or quality, specifically for carbohydrates, total fat, saturated fat, or sodium, of calories consumed among U.S. adults.
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    Monitoring and modifying recruitment and retention strategies for an ongoing randomised clinical trial with venous leg ulcer patients: Overcoming barriers to participation
    (Wiley, 2023-04) McDaniel, Jodi Christine; Rausch, Jamie Ann; McGowan, Dina Rose; School of Nursing
    Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are open skin lesions of the lower legs arising in areas affected by venous hypertension that are associated with substantial morbidity. Clinical trials testing innovative approaches to improve healing outcomes are critically needed because standard therapies are often ineffective. However, patients with VLUs frequently have multiple physical, emotional and socioeconomic challenges that can negatively impact their decision to enrol in a clinical trial. To benefit clinical researchers and ultimately the community of patients with chronic wounds, this paper describes the monitoring and modification of recruitment strategies in an ongoing clinical trial testing effects of omega-3 fatty acid oral supplementation on VLU healing in ageing adults (n = 208). Multiple modifications over time in this study have targeted participation barriers identified through data monitoring and include expanding inclusion criteria, adding recruitment sites, enhancing communication methods, and meeting patients' transportation needs. Recruitment activities from January 2019 to June 2022 have resulted in 57 participants (mean age: 63.7 years). Overall, the recruitment rate is 42.5% of patients contacted during face-to-face visits. Overcoming barriers to participation is key to helping patients with VLUs interested in research enrol in clinical trials aiming to improve healing outcomes in this vulnerable population.
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    National Survey of Oral/Dental Conditions Related to Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Mexican Adults
    (MDPI, 2014-03) Medina-Solís, Carlo Eduardo; Pontigo-Loyola, América Patricia; Pérez-Campos, Eduardo; Hernández-Cruz, Pedro; Ávila-Burgos, Leticia; Mendoza-Rodríguez, Martha; Maupomé, Gerardo; Periodontics and Allied Dental Programs, School of Dentistry
    Oral diseases are a major burden on individuals and health systems. The aim of this study was to determine whether consumption of tobacco and alcohol were associated with the prevalence of oral/dental problems in Mexican adults. Using data from the National Performance Evaluation Survey 2003, a cross-sectional study part of the World Health Survey, dental information from a representative sample of Mexico (n = 22,229, N = 51,155,740) was used to document self-reported oral/dental problems in the 12 months prior to the survey. Questionnaires were used to collect information related to sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and other risk factors. Three models were generated for each age group (18–30, 31–45 and 46–98 years). The prevalence of oral/dental conditions was 25.7%. Adjusting for sex, schooling, socioeconomic position, diabetes, and self-reported health, those who used tobacco (sometimes or daily) (OR = 1.15, p = 0.070; OR = 1.24, p < 0.01; and OR = 1.16, p < 0.05, for each age group respectively) or alcohol (moderate or high) (OR = 1.26, p < 0.001; OR = 1.18, p < 0.01 and OR = 1.30, p < 0.001, for each age group respectively) had a higher risk of reporting oral/dental problems. Because tobacco and alcohol use were associated with self-reported oral/dental problems in one out of four adults, it appears advisable to ascertain how direct is such link; more direct effects would lend greater weight to adopting measures to reduce consumption of tobacco and alcohol for the specific purpose of improving oral health.
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    Using Second-Order Factor Analysis in Examining Multiple Problems of Clients
    (Research on Social Work Practice is available online at [LINK]http://rsw.sagepub.com/[/LINK].[BREAK]Copyright © 1998 Sage Publications, Inc.[BREAK]The original doi for the article is 10.1177/104973159800800204. To access the doi, open the following DOI site in your browser and cut and paste the doi name where indicated: [LINK] http://dx.doi.org [/LINK]. [BREAK] Access to the original article may require subscription and authorized logon ID/password. IUPUI faculty/staff/students please check University Library resources before purchasing an article. Questions on finding the original article via our databases? Ask a librarian: [LINK] http://www.ulib.iupui.edu/research/askalibrarian[/LINK]., 1998-03) Pike, Cathy King; Hudson, Walter W.; Murphy, Douglas L.; Rathbone-McCuan, Eloise
    Data from veterans of the Persian Gulf engagement were studied to assess the potential of second-order factor analysis in examining, interpreting, and directing person-environment interventions with an array of different but related individual and environmental problems. Participants of the study were 1,532 veterans of the Persian Gulf engagement who were eligible for social services provided by the Veterans Administration. The results provided support for the use of second-order factors in examining client data and provided information about the relationships among clinically significant problems. Further research on the second-order factors of multidimensional instruments that are used in social work to measure client progress can yield information about how client populations differ and provide direction in selecting interventions that are congruent with social work's person-environment focus.