Browsing by Subject "Weight"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Beverage consumption and the incidence of overweight and obesity in an Indianapolis WIC population
    (2016-08-19) Foster, Joshua J.; O'Palka, Jacquelynn; Blackburn, Sara; Li, Wei
    The incidence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescence is a global health concern. The long term health implications of overweight or obesity include respiratory issues, mobility joint issues, cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, and certain types of cancer. The incidence of overweight and obesity is more common in low socioeconomic populations. Though there are many factors influencing children who become overweight or obese, beverage consumption is of particular interest since it is hypothesized that the energy supplied by beverages is not compensated by energy intake from the rest of the diet.
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    Changes in body composition in women using long-acting reversible contraception
    (Elsevier, 2017-04) De Nazaré Silva dos Santos, Priscilla; Madden, Tessa; Omvig, Karen; Peipert, Jeffrey F.; Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine
    OBJECTIVE: Users of hormonal long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) report weight gain as a side effect, but few studies have assessed body composition change among LARC users. We evaluated weight and body composition of healthy women using the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS), copper intrauterine device (copper IUD) or etonogestrel implant (ENG implant). We hypothesized that weight gain and body composition over 12 months would not differ between copper IUD, LNG-IUS and ENG implant users. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a prospective cohort study of a subgroup of women enrolled in the Contraceptive CHOICE Project who initiated the LNG-IUS, copper IUD or ENG implant. Inclusion criteria included lack of metabolic and eating disorders or change in body weight of more than 5% in the 6 months before enrollment. We measured changes in weight and body composition (body fat percentage, total body fat mass, total lean mass and total body mass) in women who continued their method for 12 months. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 149 participants: 85 LNG-IUS users, 31 copper IUD users and 33 ENG implant users. The mean age was 25.9 years, 56.4% were White, 82.5% had some college education and 67.6% were nulliparous. Although lean body mass increased over 12 months in LNG-IUS and copper IUD users but not in ENG implant users, changes in body weight and body composition did not differ between the groups. In the adjusted model, Black race was associated with change in total body mass (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Among those who continued the method for 12 months, changes in body weight and composition did not differ between copper IUD, LNG-IUS and ENG implant users. IMPLICATIONS STATEMENT: Changes in body weight and composition over 12 months did not differ between copper IUD users and LNG-IUS and ENG implant users among those with 12 months of continuous use.
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    Effect of Bariatric Surgery on CKD Risk
    (American Society of Nephrology, 2018-04) Friedman, Allon N.; Wahed, Abdus S.; Wang, Junyao; Courcoulas, Anita P.; Dakin, Gregory; Hinojosa, Marcelo W.; Kimmel, Paul L.; Mitchell, James E.; Pomp, Alfons; Pories, Walter J.; Purnell, Jonathan Q.; le Roux, Carel; Spaniolas, Konstantinos; Steffen, Kristine J.; Thirlby, Richard; Wolfe, Bruce; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Obesity is linked to the development and progression of CKD, but whether bariatric surgery protects against CKD is poorly understood. We, therefore, examined whether bariatric surgery influences CKD risk. The study included 2144 adults who underwent bariatric surgery from March of 2006 to April of 2009 and participated in the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery-2 Study cohort. The primary outcome was CKD risk categories as assessed by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) consortium criteria using a combination of eGFR and albuminuria. Patients were 79% women and 87% white, with a median age of 46 years old. Improvements were observed in CKD risk at 1 and 7 years after surgery in patients with moderate baseline CKD risk (63% and 53%, respectively), high baseline risk (78% and 56%, respectively), and very high baseline risk (59% and 23%, respectively). The proportion of patients whose CKD risk worsened was ≤10%; five patients developed ESRD. Sensitivity analyses using year 1 as baseline to minimize the effect of weight loss on serum creatinine and differing eGFR equations offered qualitatively similar results. Treatment with bariatric surgery associated with an improvement in CKD risk categories in a large proportion of patients for up to 7 years, especially in those with moderate and high baseline risk. These findings support consideration of CKD risk in evaluation for bariatric surgery and further study of bariatric surgery as a treatment for high-risk obese patients with CKD.
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    Pain Intensity And Attribution Mediate The Impact Of Patient Weight And Gender On Activity Recommendations For Chronic Pain
    (Dovepress, 2019-09-19) Mehok, Lauren E.; Miller, Megan M.; Trost, Zina; Goubert, Liesbet; De Ruddere, Lies; Hirsh, Adam T.; Psychology, School of Science
    Background and purpose: Despite the notable benefits of physical activity for chronic pain, a large proportion of patients with chronic pain report that they do not receive activity-related recommendations from their providers. Research suggests that patient factors such as weight and gender influence activity-related recommendations for chronic pain. Research also suggests that appraisals of the intensity and cause of pain may explain these weight and gender effects. We investigated the influence of patient weight and gender on observers' likelihood of recommending activity-related treatments for pain. We also explored the mediating effects of observers' ratings of pain severity and the extent to which pain was due to medical and lifestyle factors (pain attribution). Patients and methods: Healthy young adults (N=616; 76% female) viewed videos (Ghent Pain Videos of Daily Activities) and vignettes of 4 patients with chronic back pain performing a standardized functional task. Patients varied by gender (female, male) and weight (normal, obese), but were otherwise equivalent on demographic characteristics and pain behaviors. Participants rated how much pain they perceived the patients to be experiencing, the extent to which they attributed the pain to medical and lifestyle factors, and their likelihood of recommending exercise, physical therapy (PT), and rest. Results: Patient weight and gender significantly interacted to influence exercise, PT, and rest recommendations. Both pain intensity and pain attribution mediated the relationships between patient weight and activity recommendations; however, these mediation effects differed across gender and recommendation type. Conclusion: Patient weight and gender influenced laypeople's activity recommendations for chronic pain. Moreover, the results suggest that observers' perceptions of pain intensity and pain attributions are mechanisms underlying these effects. If these findings are replicated in providers, interventions may need to be developed to reduce provider biases and increase their recognition of the benefits of physical activity for chronic pain.
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    Predictors of glycemic worsening in the next year in adults with screen-detected type 2 diabetes
    (medRxiv, 2024-04-27) Schneider Aguirre, Rebecca; Hannon, Tamara S.; Considine, Robert V.; Patel, Yash; Kirkman, M. Sue; Mather, Kieren J.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Background and aims: Identifying simple markers of risk for worsening glucose can allow care providers to target therapeutic interventions according to risk of worsening glycemic control. We aimed to determine which routine clinical measures herald near-term glycemic worsening in early type 2 diabetes(T2D). Methods: The Early Diabetes Intervention Program (EDIP) was a clinical trial in individuals with screendetected T2D [HbA1C 6.3+0.63%(45+5mmol/mol)]. During the trial some participants experienced worsening fasting blood glucose (FBG). We investigated the time course of FBG, HbA1c, weight, and other clinical factors to determine which might herald glycemic worsening over the next year. Results: Progressors (62/219, 28.5%) had higher FBG than non-progressors at baseline [118 vs 130mg/dL (6.6 vs 7.2 mmol/L), p=<0.001]. FBG was stable except in the year of progression, when progressors exhibited a large 1-year rise [mean change 14.2mg/dL(0.79 mmol/L)]. Current FBG and antecedent year change in FBG were associated with progression(p<0.01), although the magnitude of change was too small to be of clinical utility (0.19 mg/dL; 0.01 mmol/L). Current or antecedent year change in HbA1c, weight, TG or HDL were not associated with progression. In the year of glycemic worsening, rising glucose was strongly associated with a concurrent increase in weight (p<0.001). Conclusions: Elevated FBG but not HbA1c identified individuals at risk for imminent glycemic worsening; the subsequent large rise in glucose was associated with a short-term increase in weight. Glucose and weight surveillance provide actionable information for those caring for patients with early diabetes.
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    Risk of Incident Diabetes Mellitus, Weight Gain, and Their Relationships With Integrase Inhibitor-Based Initial Antiretroviral Therapy Among Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States and Canada
    (Oxford University Press, 2021) Rebeiro, Peter F.; Jenkins, Cathy A.; Bian, Aihua; Lake, Jordan E.; Bourgi, Kassem; Moore, Richard D.; Horberg, Michael A.; Matthews, W. Christopher; Silverberg, Michael J.; Thorne, Jennifer; Mayor, Angel M.; Lima, Viviane D.; Palella, Frank J., Jr.; Saag, Michael S.; Althoff, Keri N.; Gill, M. John; Wong, Cherise; Klein, Marina B.; Crane, Heidi M.; Marconi, Vincent C.; Shepherd, Bryan E.; Sterling, Timothy R.; Koethe, John R.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: Integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is associated with greater weight gain among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), though metabolic consequences, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), are unclear. We examined the impact of initial cART regimen and weight on incident DM in a large North American HIV cohort (NA-ACCORD). Methods: cART-naive adults (≥18 years) initiating INSTI-, protease inhibitor (PI)-, or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimens from January 2007 through December 2017 who had weight measured 12 (±6) months after treatment initiation contributed time until clinical DM, virologic failure, cART regimen switch, administrative close, death, or loss to follow-up. Multivariable Cox regression yielded adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident DM by cART class. Mediation analyses, with 12-month weight as mediator, similarly adjusted for all covariates. Results: Among 22 884 eligible individuals, 47% started NNRTI-, 30% PI-, and 23% INSTI-based cART with median follow-up of 3.0, 2.3, and 1.6 years, respectively. Overall, 722 (3%) developed DM. Persons starting INSTIs vs NNRTIs had incident DM risk (HR, 1.17 [95% CI, .92-1.48]), similar to PI vs NNRTI initiators (HR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.07-1.51]). This effect was most pronounced for raltegravir (HR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.06-1.91]) vs NNRTI initiators. The INSTI-DM association was attenuated (HR, 1.03 [95% CI, .71-1.49] vs NNRTIs) when accounting for 12-month weight. Conclusions: Initiating first cART regimens with INSTIs or PIs vs NNRTIs may confer greater risk of DM, likely mediated through weight gain.