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Item Intracellular Nef Detected in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from HIV Patients(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 2014-07-25) Wang, Ting; Green, Linden A.; Gupta, Samir K.; Amet, Tohti; Byrd, Daniel J.; Yu, Qigui; Twigg, Homer L.; Clauss, Matthias; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, IU School of MedicineWe report here the novel finding that HIV-negative factor (Nef) protein is present in considerable numbers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from viremic HIV-infected patients not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and also in patients receiving virologically suppressive ART, though to a smaller degree. Interestingly, these Nef-positive PBMCs constitute predominantly uninfected bystander cells. These results may explain systemic pathology in HIV patients, even in those receiving ART.Item Taxonomic Changes for Human Viruses, 2020 to 2022(American Society for Microbiology, 2023) Relich, Ryan F.; Loeffelholz, Michael J.; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of MedicineThe classification of viruses remains relevant to several disciplines, including clinical virology. Since the original publication of this review in 2019, many known viruses have undergone taxonomic revisions, and several novel human and animal viruses have been described. Here, we provide an update to our previous reviews of taxonomic changes for disease-causing viruses of humans, covering changes that occurred between 2020 and 2022. As with previous editions, this update was informed by recent advances in virus taxonomy made by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses; the changes and additions noted herein are not all-inclusive.