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Item Clinical Perspective: Treatment of adolescent e-cigarette use – limitations of existing nicotine use disorder treatment and future directions for e-cigarette use cessation(Elsevier, 2021) Adams, Zachary W.; Kwon, Elizabeth; Aalsma, Matthew C.; Zapolski, Tamika C.B.; Dir, Allyson; Hulvershorn, Leslie A.; Psychiatry, School of MedicineElectronic cigarette use ("vaping") has surged in the United States since the mid-2010s. From 2011 to 2018, current e-cigarette use among high school students escalated from 1.5% to 20.8% (∼3.05 million youths),1 countering downward trends in combustible nicotine product use (21.8% in 2011 to 13.9% in 2018).1 Although preventing the initial uptake of vaping is crucial, for the millions of adolescents who have taken up this behavior-many of whom express interest in quitting (eg, 44.5% of current, adolescent non-light e-cigarette users in one US national representative sample)2-it is critically important to help them quit vaping so as to curtail future substance use disorders and other health consequences. Here, we discuss several challenges around adolescent vaping treatment, and highlight research areas in urgent need of attention.Item During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Lung Specialists of the World Implore You: Inhale Only Clean Air(American Thoracic Society, 2020-08-14) Santhosh, Lekshmi; Oh, Anita; Alismail, Abdullah; Breiburg, Anna; Kaminski, Naftali; Carlos, Graham; Jamil, Shazia; Department of Medicine, IU School of MedicineRecent social media and lay news report that nicotine may help protect from COVID-19. However, lung specialists of the American Thoracic Society and California Thoracic Society recommend that you inhale only clean air. Research shows that exposure to smoke, vapors, and air pollution all contribute to worse outcomes in COVID-19 infection. This fact sheet summarizes some of the common public questions addressed to lung healthcare professionals.Item Examining the Efficacy of Project ECHO to Improve Clinicians’ Knowledge and Preparedness to Treat Adolescent Vaping(Sage, 2022) Oliver, Alexander P.; Bell, Lauren A.; Agley, Jon; Bixler, Kristina; Hulvershorn, Leslie A.; Adams, Zachary W.; Psychiatry, School of MedicineAs adolescent vaping reaches epidemic rates in the United States, it is imperative that pediatric clinicians have access to medical knowledge on best practices for screening, assessing, and treating vaping-related substance use. The Teen Vaping ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) program was developed to offer practical learning sessions focused on clinical management of adolescent vaping. This study describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of the program’s impact on participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding treatment of adolescent vaping from registration to the end of the series. Participants were generally knowledgeable about vaping at registration and reported significant increases in comfort talking with patients about vaping, counseling patients on nicotine replacement products, and frequency of implementing best-practice screening strategies at the end of the series. This study suggests ECHO programs focused on improving clinical management of adolescent vaping may increase accessibility of evidence-based care and reduce harms associated with vaping in youth.Item Reporting Certainty of Evidence on E-Cigarette Use for Adult Smoking Cessation(American Public Health Association, 2021-02) Grant, Sean; Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public HealthItem Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Use and Related Health Effects(MDPI, 2023-11-18) Alam, Fatima; Silveyra, Patricia; Medicine, School of MedicineBackground: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) comprise a variety of products designed to deliver nicotine, flavorings, and other substances. To date, multiple epidemiological and experimental studies have reported a variety of health issues associated with their use, including respiratory toxicity, exacerbation of respiratory conditions, and behavioral and physiological effects. While some of these effects appear to be sex- and/or gender-related, only a portion of the research has been conducted considering these variables. In this review, we sought to summarize the available literature on sex-specific effects and sex and gender differences, including predictors and risk factors, effects on organ systems, and behavioral effects. Methods: We searched and selected articles from 2018-2023 that included sex as a variable or reported sex differences on e-cigarette-associated effects. Results: We found 115 relevant studies published since 2018 that reported sex differences in a variety of outcomes. The main differences reported were related to reasons for initiation, including smoking history, types of devices and flavoring, polysubstance use, physiological responses to nicotine and toxicants in e-liquids, exacerbation of lung disease, and behavioral factors such as anxiety, depression, sexuality, and bullying. Conclusions: The available literature supports the notion that both sex and gender influence the susceptibility to the negative effects of e-cigarette use. Future research needs to consider sex and gender variables when addressing e-cigarette toxicity and other health-related consequences.