Browsing by Subject "Validity"
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Item Cultural Adaptation of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition for use in Kenyan Children Aged 18–36 Months: A Psychometric Study(Elsevier, 2021) McHenry, Megan S.; Oyungu, Eren; Yang, Ziyi; Hines, Abbey C.; Ombitsa, Ananda R.; Vreeman, Rachel C.; Abubakar, Amina; Monahan, Patrick O.; Pediatrics, School of MedicineBackground: The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition (Bayley-III) is frequently used in international child development research. No studies examine its psychometric properties when culturally adapted within the Kenyan context. Aims: To culturally adapt the Bayley-III for use in Kenya and evaluate its validity and reliability. Methods and procedures: Forward and backward translation, cognitive interviews, and a brief pilot of culturally adapted items were performed. This psychometric study was part of another study on children born to mothers with HIV in Eldoret, Kenya. One hundred seventy-two children aged 18-36 months were assessed for cognition, receptive/expressive communication, and fine/gross motor domains using the Bayley-III. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), inter-scale Pearson correlations, internal consistency, t-tests, and test-retest reliability were performed. Outcomes and results: The mean age of children was 22.8 (SD 4.5) months old; 52.7 % (n = 89) were male. CFA revealed that both two- and three-factor indices had good and comparable fit. Pearson correlations were high between fine motor and receptive communication (r >0.70). Internal consistency was very strong for all of the subtests, with Cronbach coefficient alpha scores ranging from 0.88 to 0.96. Known groups/convergent validity was confirmed with stunting and parental concern for delays. Test-retest reliability was good and did not differ substantially across groups. Conclusions and implications: The Kenyan adapted Bayley-III is a psychometrically acceptable tool to assess child development. The scaled and composite scores should not be used to define Kenyan developmental norms, but it can be useful for comparing groups within research settings.Item Development and Validation of the Patient/Caregiver Reported Hydroxyurea Evaluation of Adherence for Life (HEAL) Scale(Dove Press, 2022-12-10) Janson, Isaac A.; Bloom, Ellen M.; Hampton, Kisha C.; Riehm Meier, Emily; Rampersad, Angeli G.; Kronenberger, William G.; Psychiatry, School of MedicineIntroduction: Hydroxyurea reduces the incidence of vaso-occlusive episodes, stroke, and respiratory, cardiac, and renal damage in sickle cell disease by increasing fetal hemoglobin. However, because suboptimal adherence to hydroxyurea limits its effectiveness, understanding patient-specific barriers to hydroxyurea adherence could help improve adherence and health outcomes in patients with sickle cell disease. The aim of this single-site, prospective, IRB-approved study was to validate a 24-item patient- and caregiver-reported hydroxyurea treatment adherence questionnaire, the Hydroxyurea Evaluation of Adherence for Life (HEAL) scale. Methods: A sample of 24 adults with sickle cell disease and 16 caregivers of children with sickle cell disease completed the HEAL scale, and a subset of the original sample provided a second HEAL scale for test-retest reliability. HEAL scale results were validated against global adherence ratings from participants and health-care providers, records of access to pill bottles, and laboratory values for fetal hemoglobin and absolute neutrophil count. Results and discussion: Results demonstrated excellent internal consistency for the HEAL Total score and eight (3-item) subscale scores (Dose, Remember, Plan, Cost, Understand, Effectiveness, Laboratory, and Pharmacy), as well as strong test-retest reliability for all HEAL scores except the Cost subscale. HEAL Total scores correlated significantly with validity measures, including global adherence ratings and lab values. The HEAL scale offers significant clinical potential for understanding adherence in individual sickle cell disease patients and significant research potential for characterizing adherence in persons with sickle cell disease who are treated with hydroxyurea.Item Linguistic, Content and Face Validity of the Swedish Version of a Quality-of-Life Assessment for Children, Teenagers and Adults with Spina Bifida(MDPI, 2024-05-15) Dellenmark-Blom, Michaela; Andersson, Marie; Szymanski, Konrad M.; Andréasson, Charlotta Levén; Arnell, Magdalena Vu Minh; Sjöström, Sofia; Abrahamsson, Kate; Pediatrics, School of MedicineSpina bifida includes a spectrum of different neural tube defects. Myelomeningocele is the most serious type and is associated with a risk of paralysis and sensory dysfunction below the affected level, bladder/bowel dysfunction, brain dysmorphology, and impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of this study was to describe the establishment of linguistic, content and face validity of the Swedish version of a Quality-of-Life Assessment for children (QUALAS-C, n = 10 items), teenagers (QUALAS-T, n = 10 items) and adults with spina bifida (QUALAS-A, n = 15 items) based on the original US English versions. The process included close collaboration with the original instrument developer and complied with international standards on patient-reported outcome measurements. The procedure includes forward translation, expert and patient/parent review and reconciliation, back translation, back translation review and cognitive debriefing interviews with 16 people with spina bifida aged 8 to 33, providing them with the possibility of evaluating the clarity, adequacy, and comprehensiveness of QUALAS-C, QUALAS-T and QUALAS-A, respectively. The interviews lasted a median of 15 min (range 8–16) for QUALAS-C, 10 min (range 9–15) for QUALAS-T and 24 min (range 9–38) for QUALAS-A. Four main issues/topics needed attention and discussion after both the forward and back translation. Following the back translation review, all issues were resolved. The patient feedback revealed recognition of the HRQoL issues included in QUALAS, and also difficulties in understanding some questions. After the patients’ evaluation, four items were reworded for clarity. No study participant reported a wish to add to or remove questions from QUALAS. Hence, the Swedish versions of QUALAS became conceptually equivalent to the original US English versions and achieved linguistic, content and face validity. While empowering the voices of people with spina bifida, these results also enable their HRQoL to be properly assessed in research and clinical care in Sweden and in international studies.Item Preliminary Validation of the Injustice Experience Questionnaire in Patients with Advanced Cancer(Elsevier, 2023) Secinti, Ekin; Snyder, Stella; Wu, Wei; Mosher, Catherine E.; Psychology, School of ScienceContext: When diagnosed with advanced cancer, patients may perceive their situation as an injustice. The Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ) is a 12-item measure of perceived unfairness originally developed for patients with chronic pain. The factor structure, reliability, and validity of the IEQ in patients with cancer have not been assessed. Objectives: To examine the factor structure, internal consistency, and construct validity of the IEQ in patients with advanced cancer. Methods: Patients with advanced lung or prostate cancer (N = 201) were recruited from academic and public clinics in Indianapolis, IN. Patients completed the 12-item IEQ and other measures of psychological processes and distress. IEQ instructions were modified to focus on cancer-related perceived injustice. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the dimensionality of the measure. Internal consistency reliability and construct validity were examined. Results: CFA showed that the original IEQ's 2-factor structure had an adequate fit (RMSEA = 0.07, CFI = 0.96, SRMR = 0.05). The factors included Severity/irreparability and Blame/unfairness. Internal consistency was excellent (α = 0.92, ω = 0.94). The IEQ showed significant positive associations with physical and psychological symptoms (rs = 0.20 - 0.65, Ps < 0.05). The IEQ also showed significant negative associations with quality of life and acceptance of cancer (rs=-0.51 - -0.46, Ps < 0.05). Conclusion: Findings provide preliminary support for using the IEQ in patients with advanced cancer. Future research should assess the sensitivity of the IEQ to change in an interventional context.Item Psychiatric Diagnostic (DSM 5) Contexts of Psychopathological Interference in Conscience Formation and Functioning across the Youth-span: a Guideline(IU Conscience Project, 2014) Galvin, Matthew R.Pastoral counselors as well as psychotherapists might readily engage with conscience sensitive psychiatrists at the moral psychological level in understanding psychopathological interferences in conscience formation and functioning. The timeline of conceptual efforts made thus far to chart the course of psychopathological interferences in conscience formation and functioning is demarcated. Conscience sensitive psychiatry requires durable, conceptual tools for organizing bio-psycho-social considerations refined according to current standard diagnostic conventions in order for research to continue but also for the sake of enabling meaningful conscience sensitive contributions to healing. The absence of a designated group of disorders centered upon conscience accentuates the need to provide an up-to-date supplemental typology that will promote conscience sensitivity in diagnostic considerations. A GUIDELINE is provided for considering types of psychopathological interference in conscience formation and functioning in the context of current psychiatric diagnostic conventions.Item Reliability and validity support for an abbreviated Copenhagen burnout inventory using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis(Elsevier, 2022-08-08) Barton, Melissa A.; Lall, Michelle D.; Johnston, Mary M.; Lu, Dave W.; Nelson, Lewis S.; Bilimoria, Karl Y.; Reisdorff, Earl J.; Surgery, School of MedicineObjective: The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) is an open-access, valid, and reliable instrument measuring burnout that includes 19 items distributed across the following 3 domains (factors): personal burnout, work burnout, and patient burnout. The primary objective of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of an abbreviated CBI to assess burnout in emergency medicine residents. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the CBI that followed the 2021 American Board of Emergency Medicine In-training Examination. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: Of the 8491 eligible residents, 7225 (85.1%) completed the survey; the EFA cohort included 3613 residents and the CFA cohort included 3612 residents. EFA showed 2 eigenvalues ≥1, an internal factor and an external factor. There were 6 CBI items that contributed to the 2 factors. The first factor was related to personal burnout and work-related burnout and the second factor was related to working with patients. There were 4 CBI items that contributed to the internal factor and 2 CBI items that contributed to the external factor. Using the abbreviated CBI, the incidence of a resident having 1 or both types of burnout was 34.1%. Conclusions: This study provides validity evidence and reliability support for the use of a 6-item, 2-factor abbreviated CBI. A shorter, reliable, valid, and publicly accessible burnout inventory provides numerous advantages for burnout research in emergency medicine.Item Sensitivity and Specificity of Real-World Social Factor Screening Approaches(SpringerLink, 2021-11-12) Vest, Joshua R.; Wu, Wei; Mendonca, Eneida A.; Health Policy and Management, School of Public HealthHealth care organizations are increasingly documenting patients for social risk factors in structured data. Two main approaches to documentation, ICD-10 Z codes and screening questions, face limited adoption and conceptual challenges. This study compared estimates of social risk factors obtained via screening questions and ICD-10 Z diagnoses coding, as used in clinical practice, to estimates from validated survey instruments in a sample of adult primary care and emergency department patients at an urban safety-net health system. Financial strain, transportation barriers, food insecurity, and housing instability were independently assessed using instruments with published reliability and validity. These four social factors were also being collected by the health system in screening questions or could be mapped to ICD-10 Z code diagnosis code concepts. Neither the screening questions nor ICD-10 Z codes performed particularly well in terms of accuracy. For the screening questions, the Area Under the Curve (AUC) scores were 0.609 for financial strain, 0.703 for transportation, 0.698 for food insecurity, and 0.714 for housing instability. For the ICD-10 Z codes, AUC scores tended to be lower in the range of 0.523 to 0.535. For both screening questions and ICD-10 Z codes, the measures were much more specific than sensitive. Under real world conditions, ICD-10 Z codes and screening questions are at the minimal, or below, threshold for being diagnostically useful approaches to identifying patients' social risk factors. Data collection support through information technology or novel approaches combining data sources may be necessary to improve the usefulness of these data.Item Validation of the Champion Health Belief Model Scale for an Investigation of Breast Cancer Screening Behaviour in Malaysia(MDPI, 2021-09-03) Htay, Mila Nu Nu; Schliemann, Désirée; Dahlui, Maznah; Cardwell, Christopher R.; Loh, Siew Yim; Tamin, Nor Saleha Binti Ibrahim; Somasundaram, Saunthari; Champion, Victoria; Donnelly, Michael; Su, Tin Tin; School of NursingBreast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women globally, including in Malaysia. There is a need to assess women’s beliefs about BC and screening in different cultural settings. This study aimed to translate and validate an adapted version of the United States (US) Champion Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS) for an investigation of predictors of BC screening in Malaysia. The CHBMS was adapted, and forward and backward translated into the Malay language. The validity and reliability of the CHBMS-BC-M (M for Malay language) was investigated in a community sample of 251 multi-ethnic Malay-speaking women. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation indicated that the structure of the adapted CHBMS-BC-M comprised three subscales with 21 items, and an Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) of 0.83 and above for all items. The explanatory factor analysis (EFA) showed acceptable to high factor loadings on items. Cronbach’s alpha for the subscales ranged from 0.59 to 0.87. The reproducibility of the scale was fair to high, with an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.53 to 0.80 for the subscales. Overall, the analysis indicated that the translated CHBMS-BC-M is a valid and reliable scale to measure beliefs about BC and screening in the Malay-speaking ethnic population of Malaysia.Item Validity of self-reported history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection(Elsevier, 2017-04) Frisse, Ann C.; Marrazzo, Jeanne M.; Tutlam, Nhial T.; Schreiber, Courtney A.; Teal, Stephanie B.; Turok, David K.; Peipert, Jeffrey F.; Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of MedicineBACKGROUND: Chlamydia trachomatis infection is common and largely asymptomatic in women. If untreated, it can lead to sequelae such as pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. It is unknown whether a patient's self-reported history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection is a valid marker of past infection. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the validity of women's self-reported history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection compared with Chlamydia trachomatis serology, a marker for previous infection. STUDY DESIGN: We analyzed data from the Fertility After Contraception Termination study. We compared participants' survey responses with the question, "Have you ever been told by a health care provider that you had Chlamydia?" to serological test results indicating the presence or absence of antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis as assessed by a microimmunofluorescence assay. Prevalence of past infection, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios were calculated. The Cohen's kappa statistic was computed to assess agreement between self-report and serology. RESULTS: Among 409 participants, 108 (26%) reported having a history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection, whereas 146 (36%) had positive serological test results. Relative to positive microimmunofluorescence assay, the sensitivity and specificity of self-reported history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection were 52.1% (95% confidence interval, 43.6-60.4%) and 87.8% (95% confidence interval, 83.3-91.5%), respectively. The positive predictive value of the self-report was 70.4% (95% confidence interval, 60.8-78.8%), and the negative predictive value was 76.7% (95% confidence interval, 71.6-81.4%). The likelihood ratio was found to be 4.28. Agreement between self-report and serology was found to be moderate (kappa = 0.42, P < .001). CONCLUSION: Self-reported history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection commonly yields false-negative and false-positive results. When definitive status of past Chlamydia trachomatis infection is needed, serology should be obtained.