Browsing by Subject "Vaccination"
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Item Assessing licensed nurses COVID-19 vaccine attitudes and intentions: a cross-sectional survey in the state of Hawaii(Taylor & Francis, 2021) Fontenot, Holly B.; Mattheus, Deborah; Lim, Eunjung; Michel, Alexandra; Ryan, Nicole; Davis, Katherine Finn; Zimet, Gregory; Pediatrics, School of MedicineNurses are the largest single occupation of health care providers and at greatest risk for exposure to and acquisition of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). In December 2020, nurses in Hawaii were recruited for an online survey that measured perceived risk/threat of COVID-19, vaccine attitudes, and perceived safety of COVID-19 vaccines, as well as level of intention: primary, secondary (i.e., delayed), or no intention to vaccinate. The final sample consisted of 423 nurses. Participants were primarily Asian (27.9%) and White (45.2%). The majority were 18-50 years (65.5%) and female (87.0%), held an RN license (91.7%), and identified as a staff nurse (57.7%) in the hospital setting (56.7%). Among participants, 52.3% indicated primary intention, 27.9% secondary intention, and 19.9% no intention to vaccinate. The strongest predictors of any level of intention were greater positive attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination and lower concerns related to COVID-19 vaccine safety. Findings can guide interventions to support vaccine acceptance for those who initially decline vaccination.Item Association of COVID-19 Versus COVID-19 Vaccination With Kidney Function and Disease Activity in Primary Glomerular Disease: A Report of the Cure Glomerulonephropathy Study(Elsevier, 2024) Wang, Chia-shi; Glenn, Dorey A.; Helmuth, Margaret; Smith, Abigail R.; Bomback, Andrew S.; Canetta, Pietro A.; Coppock, Gaia M.; Khalid, Myda; Tuttle, Katherine R.; Bou-Matar, Raed; Greenbaum, Larry A.; Robinson, Bruce M.; Holzman, Lawrence B.; Smoyer, William E.; Rheault, Michelle N.; Gipson, Debbie; Mariani, Laura H.; Cure Glomerulonephropathy (CureGN) Study Consortium; Pediatrics, School of MedicineRationale & objective: Patients with glomerular disease (GN) may be at increased risk of severe COVID-19, yet concerns over vaccines causing disease relapse may lead to vaccine hesitancy. We examined the associations of COVID-19 with longitudinal kidney function and proteinuria and compared these with similar associations with COVID-19 vaccination. Study design: Observational cohort study from July 1, 2021, to January 1, 2023. Setting & participants: A prospective observational study network of 71 centers from North America and Europe (CureGN) with children and adults with primary minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, or IgA nephropathy. Exposure: COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination. Outcome: Repeated measure of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); recurrent time-to-event outcome of GN disease worsening as defined by doubling of the urinary protein-creatinine ratio (UPCR) to at least 1.5g/g or increase in dipstick urine protein by 2 ordinal levels to 3+(300mg/dL) or above. Analytical approach: Interrupted time series analysis for eGFR. Prognostic matched sequential stratification recurrent event analysis for GN disease worsening. Results: Among 2,055 participants, 722 (35%) reported COVID-19 infection; of these, 92 (13%) were hospitalized, and 3 died (<1%). The eGFR slope before COVID-19 infection was-1.40mL/min/1.73m2 (± 0.29 SD); within 6 months after COVID-19 infection, the eGFR slope was-4.26mL/min/1.73m2 (± 3.02 SD), which was not significantly different (P=0.34). COVID-19 was associated with increased risk of worsening GN disease activity (HR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.01-1.80]). Vaccination was not associated with a change in eGFR (-1.34mL/min/1.73m2±0.15 SD vs-2.16mL/min/1.73m2±1.74 SD; P=0.6) or subsequent GN disease worsening (HR 1.02 [95% CI, 0.79-1.33]) in this cohort. Limitations: Infrequent or short follow-up. Conclusions: Among patients with primary GN, COVID-19 infection was severe for 1 in 8 cases and was associated with subsequent worsening of GN disease activity, as defined by proteinuria. By contrast, vaccination against COVID-19 was not associated with change in disease activity or kidney function decline. These results support COVID-19 vaccination for patients with GN. Plain-language summary: In this cohort study of 2,055 patients with minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, or IgA nephropathy, COVID-19 resulted in hospitalization or death for 1 in 8 cases and was associated with a 35% increase in risk for worsening proteinuria. By contrast, vaccination did not appear to adversely affect kidney function or proteinuria. Our data support vaccination for COVID-19 in patients with glomerular disease.Item Attitudes and Experiences of Frontline Nursing Home Staff Towards Coronavirus Testing(Elsevier, 2020-11-05) Hofschulte-Beck, Spencer L.; Hickman, Susan E.; Blackburn, Justin L.; Mack, Laramie M.; Unroe, Kathleen T.; Medicine, School of MedicineThe Indiana State Department of Health tested nursing home staff for COVID-19 in June 2020. A survey of staff found many felt physical discomfort, some questioned testing the asymptomatic, but a majority agreed testing is important.Item Cartoon of "Uncle Doc" giving a shot to a boy.(Indiana State Board of Health, 1934-08)[Text within image] I commonly vaccinate folks on the left arm, but customs have to go when the pitchin' arm of the Half Socs' star south paw is at stake. Eh, son?Item Controlling Measles through Politics and Policy(Hastings Center Report, 2019-04-22) Silverman, Ross D.Item COVID-19 Vaccination of Adolescents and Young Adults of Color: Viewing Acceptance and Uptake With a Health Equity Lens(Elsevier, 2021) Coyne-Beasley, Tamera; Hill, Samantha V.; Zimet, Gregory; Kanbur, Nuray; Kimberlin, David; Raymond-Flesch, Marissa; Simpson, Tina; Svetaz, Maria Veronica; Trent, Maria; Walker-Harding, Leslie; Pediatrics, School of MedicineItem COVID-19 vaccine uptake and attitudes towards mandates in a nationally representative U.S. sample(Springer, 2023) Harris, Julen N.; Mauro, Christine; Andresen, Jane A.; Zimet, Gregory D.; Rosenthal, Susan L.; Pediatrics, School of MedicineWidespread uptake of COVID-19 vaccination is vital to curtailing the pandemic, yet rates remain suboptimal in the U.S. Vaccine mandates have previously been successful, but are controversial. An April 2021 survey of a nationally representative sample (N = 1208) examined vaccine uptake, attitudes, and sociodemographic characteristics. Sixty-seven percent were vaccine acceptors, 14% wait-and-see, and 19% non-acceptors. Compared to wait-and-see and non-acceptors, acceptors were more likely to have a household member over age 65, have received a flu shot, have positive COVID-19 vaccine attitudes, and view COVID-19 vaccination as beneficial. Mandate support was higher among respondents who were vaccine acceptors, had positive views about COVID-19 vaccines, believed in COVID-19 preventive strategies, perceived COVID-19 as severe, were liberal, resided in the Northeast, were non-White, and had incomes < $75,000. Public health campaigns should target attitudes that appear to drive hesitancy and prepare for varying mandate support based on demographics, COVID-19 vaccine attitudes, and the scope of the mandate.Item Determinants of health as predictors for differential antibody responses following SARS-CoV-2 primary and booster vaccination in an at-risk, longitudinal cohort(Public Library of Science, 2024-04-02) Echeverri Tribin, Felipe; Williams, Erin; Testamarck, Valeska; Carreño, Juan Manuel; Bielak, Dominika; Yellin, Temima; Krammer, Florian; Hoffer, Michael; Pallikkuth, Suresh; Pahwa, Savita; Medicine, School of MedicinePost vaccine immunity following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination may be driven by extrinsic, or controllable and intrinsic, or inherent health factors. Thus, we investigated the effects of extrinsic and intrinsic on the peak antibody response following COVID-19 primary vaccination and on the trajectory of peak antibody magnitude and durability over time. Participants in a longitudinal cohort attended visits every 3 months for up to 2 years following enrollment. At baseline, participants provided information on their demographics, recreational behaviors, and comorbid health conditions which guided our model selection process. Blood samples were collected for serum processing and spike antibody testing at each visit. Cross-sectional and longitudinal models (linear-mixed effects models) were generated to assess the relationship between selected intrinsic and extrinsic health factors on peak antibody following vaccination and to determine the influence of these predictors on antibody over time. Following cross-sectional analysis, we observed higher peak antibody titers after primary vaccination in females, those who reported recreational drug use, younger age, and prior COVID-19 history. Following booster vaccination, females and Hispanics had higher peak titers after the 3rd and 4th doses, respectively. Longitudinal models demonstrated that Moderna mRNA-1273 recipients, females, and those previously vaccinated had increased peak titers over time. Moreover, drug users and half-dose Moderna mRNA-1273 recipients had higher peak antibody titers over time following the first booster, while no predictive factors significantly affected post-second booster antibody responses. Overall, both intrinsic and extrinsic health factors play a significant role in shaping humoral immunogenicity after initial vaccination and the first booster. The absence of predictive factors for second booster immunogenicity suggests a more robust and consistent immune response after the second booster vaccine administration.Item Determinants of Long Immunization Clinic Wait Times in a Sub-Saharan African Country(Sage, 2021-06-29) Ekhaguere, Osayame Austine; Oluwafemi, Rosena Olubanke; Oyo-Ita, Angela; Mamlin, Burke; Bondich, Paul; Mendonca, Eneida A.; Rollins, Angela L.; Pediatrics, School of MedicineThe wait time clients spend during immunization clinic visits in low- and middle-income countries is a not well-understood reported barrier to vaccine completion. We used a prospective, observational design to document the total time from client arrival-to-discharge and all sequential provider-client activities in 1 urban, semi-urban, and rural immunization clinic in Nigeria. We also conducted caregiver and provider focus group discussions to identify perceived determinants of long clinic wait times. Our findings show that the time from arrival-to-discharge varied significantly by the clinic and ranged between 57 and 235 minutes, as did arrival-to-all providers-client activities. Focus group data attributed workflow delays to clinic staff waiting for a critical mass of clients to arrive for their immunization appointment before starting the essential health education talk or opening specific vaccine vials. Additionally, respondents indicated that complex documentation processes caused system delays. Research on clinic workflow transformation and simplification of immunization documentation is needed.Item Educational interventions to increase HPV vaccination acceptance: A systematic review(Elsevier, 2014-04-07) Fu, Linda Y.; Bonhomme, Lize-Anne; Cooper, Spring Chenoa; Joseph, Jill G.; Zimet, Gregory D.; Department of Pediatrics, IU School of MedicineBackground The Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been available for protection against HPV-associated cervical cancer and genital warts since 2006. Nonetheless, uptake has varied among countries and populations within countries. Studies have found that individuals’ knowledge and attitudes toward the vaccine are associated with immunization uptake. The purpose of the current review is to summarize and evaluate the evidence for educational interventions to increase HPV vaccination acceptance. Methods We searched the databases of PubMed and Web of Science for English-language articles describing educational interventions designed to improve HPV vaccination uptake, intention or attitude. Results We identified 33 studies of HPV vaccination educational interventions: 7 tested the effectiveness of interventions with parents, 8 with adolescents or young adults, and 18 compared the effectiveness of different message frames in an educational intervention among adolescents, young adults or their parents. Most studies involved populations with higher educational attainment and most interventions required participants to be literate. The minority of studies used the outcome of HPV vaccine uptake. Well-designed studies adequately powered to detect change in vaccine uptake were rare and generally did not demonstrate effectiveness of the tested intervention. Conclusions There is not strong evidence to recommend any specific educational intervention for wide-spread implementation. Future studies are required to determine the effectiveness of culturally-competent interventions reaching diverse populations.