Browsing by Subject "Uric acid"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Crystals or His(stones): Rethinking AKI in Tumor Lysis Syndrome
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2022) Basile, David P.; Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine
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    Increased Adenine Nucleotide Degradation in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy
    (MDPI, 2019-12-21) Miller, Spencer G.; Hafen, Paul S.; Brault, Jeffrey J.; Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine
    Adenine nucleotides (AdNs: ATP, ADP, AMP) are essential biological compounds that facilitate many necessary cellular processes by providing chemical energy, mediating intracellular signaling, and regulating protein metabolism and solubilization. A dramatic reduction in total AdNs is observed in atrophic skeletal muscle across numerous disease states and conditions, such as cancer, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, COPD, sepsis, muscular dystrophy, denervation, disuse, and sarcopenia. The reduced AdNs in atrophic skeletal muscle are accompanied by increased expression/activities of AdN degrading enzymes and the accumulation of degradation products (IMP, hypoxanthine, xanthine, uric acid), suggesting that the lower AdN content is largely the result of increased nucleotide degradation. Furthermore, this characteristic decrease of AdNs suggests that increased nucleotide degradation contributes to the general pathophysiology of skeletal muscle atrophy. In view of the numerous energetic, and non-energetic, roles of AdNs in skeletal muscle, investigations into the physiological consequences of AdN degradation may provide valuable insight into the mechanisms of muscle atrophy.
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    PharmGKB summary: uric acid-lowering drugs pathway, pharmacodynamics
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2014) McDonagh, Ellen M.; Thorn, Caroline F.; Callaghan, John Thomas; Altman, Russ B.; Klein, Teri E.; Medicine, School of Medicine
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    Using micro computed tomographic imaging for analyzing kidney stones
    (French Académie des Sciences, 2021) Williams, James C., Jr.; Lingeman, James E.; Daudon, Michel; Bazin, Dominique; Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine
    Stone analysis is a critical part of the clinical characterization of urolithiasis. This article reviews the strengths and limitations of micro CT in the analysis of stones. Using micro CT alone in a series of 757 stone specimens, micro CT identified the 458 majority calcium oxalate specimens with a sensitivity of 99.6% and specificity of 95.3%. Micro CT alone was also successful in identifying majority apatite, brushite, uric acid, and struvite stones. For some minor minerals—such as apatite in calcium oxalate or calcium salts in uric acid stones—micro CT enables the detection of minute quantities well below 1%. The addition of a standard for calibrating X-ray attenuation values improves the ability of micro CT to identify common stone minerals. The three-dimensional nature of micro CT also allows for the visualization of surface features in stones, which is valuable for the study of stone formation.