Browsing by Subject "United Nations"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    Addressing Gender Disparity Through International Higher Education: Use of Contextually Appropriate Global Policy Framework
    (OJED, 2023-11-12) Soetan, Taiwo O.; Nguyen, David Hoa Khoa; School of Education
    This article examines the globally important topic of gender disparity in higher education and how to, contextually address it by formulating and implementing an appropriate globally-recognized policy framework. Although gender equality is one of the seven Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations, it is a known fact that globally, there is gender disparity that systemically limits or curtails the progress of the girl-child or women either in terms of their educational attainments or professional development. Several countries and international agencies continue to commit to eradicating gender disparity in their countries in particular and in the world in general. In spite of the efforts of the United Nations and international agencies, there is still a long way to go in achieving gender parity. This paper looks at the attainment of gender parity through the use of higher education to bring about a contextually appropriate framework that is global in its operation and implementation in the effort to eliminate gender disparity. This is an attempt to unleash the potential of marginalized people, particularly women, who have been curtailed for several decades because of their gender for the overall good of our global world.
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    Christian Personalism and Human Rights Prior to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A Philosophical and Theological Exploration
    (2024-12) Williams, Andrew Lloyd; King, David P.; Badertscher, Katherine; Haberski, Raymond J.; Steensland, Brian
    The high tide of modern transnational institution-building occurred in the immediate aftermath of two profound crises: the Great Depression and World War II. No document better captures the aspirations for a post-war era of greater human welfare than the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). The UDHR elevated the rights of individual humans above the doctrine of state-sovereignty and embodied the burgeoning view that states have a responsibility to secure the welfare and rights of all persons. A “new” school of human rights historiography has shown that Christian personalists were among the few advocates of “human rights” in this period. Moreover, Jacques Maritain and Charles Malik, prominent Christian personalists, were directly involved in United Nations efforts to codify universal human rights. Yet new-school historiography has over-corrected for “classical” historiography’s penchant to rely heavily on arcane philosophical and theological developments dating centuries and even millennia into the past. New-school historiography deracinates Christian personalism form its nineteenth century forebearers: philosophical personalism, phenomenology, existentialism, and neo-classicism. It also underplays the orthogonal character of a movement that aspired to create a third way between established polarities. The very term “personalism” connotes a middle position between individualism and collectivism: individual human beings have inviolable dignity and are inherently relational. As such, the current picture of the advent of human rights discourse in the mid-twentieth century is incomplete. By connecting Christian personalism to its nineteenth-century philosophical roots and contextualizing its views of the relationship between the individual and the state in the crisis milieu of the transwar era, I fill an important gap in the history of “human rights” discourse in the buildup to the UDHR.
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    Developing Maintenance Cultures in UN Police Peacekeeping Operations
    (2017) Wamer, Will; Farnworth, Morgan; Hartnett, Brendan; Foley, William A., Jr.; Cutler, Jordan; Davids, Allison; Diaz, Camen; Hall, Hannah; Howell, Stephen; Kiilu, Joshua; Klinger, Kelsey; Laucevicius, Rachell; Taake, Tatyana
    This report provides an analysis and evaluation of maintenance cultures in United Nations Police Contributing Countries (PCC) receiving funding for Formed Police Units from the United States. The US Department of State, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL) recognized a marked lack of research on maintenance cultures in police agencies receiving foreign funding and sought to build a base of knowledge to aid in creating and sustaining maintenance cultures within these organizations. The INL also requested analysis and evaluation of maintenance cultures in five specific African PCCs (Cameroon, Ghana, Rwanda, Senegal, and Togo), as well as recommendations to create and sustain maintenance cultures specific to these countries. By establishing effective maintenance cultures, INL seeks to ensure that equipment purchased with funding from the United States will operate effectively throughout the manufacturer's estimated life-span
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    Developing Maintenance Cultures in UN Police Peacekeeping Operations
    (2017) Warner, Will; Farnworth, Morgan; Hartnett, Brendan; Foley, William A., Jr.; Cutler, Jordan; Davids, Allison; Diaz, Carmen; Hall, Hannah; Howell, Stephen; Kiilu, Joshua; Klingler, Kelsey; Laucevicius, Rachell; Taake, Tatyana
    This report provides an analysis and evaluation of maintenance cultures in United Nations Police Contributing Countries (PCC) receiving funding for Formed Police Units from the United States. The US Department of State, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL) recognized a marked lack of research on maintenance cultures in police agencies receiving foreign funding and sought to build a base of knowledge to aid in creating and sustaining maintenance cultures within these organizations. The INL also requested analysis and evaluation of maintenance cultures in five specific African PCCs (Cameroon, Ghana, Rwanda, Senegal, and Togo), as well as recommendations to create and sustain maintenance cultures specific to these countries. By establishing effective maintenance cultures, INL seeks to ensure that equipment purchased with funding from the United States will operate effectively throughout the manufacturer's estimated life-span.
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    From the Rights-Based Perspective: Claiming a Grassroots Voice in UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies
    (Indiana International Human Rights Law e-newsletter, 2009) Caparas, Perfecto "Boyet"
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    "Hunger, Health, and Children"
    (2005-11-17) Morris, Jim
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    Intellectual Property and the Right to Science and Culture: the Reports of the Special Rapporteur in the Field of Cultural Rights
    (International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2016) Shaver, Lea
    In recent years, the right to science and culture has emerged as a leading conceptual framework for reconciling intellectual property law with human rights. The textual foundation of the right to science and culture dates back to the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Article 27 of the UDHR states: “(1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits. (2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author.” Despite clear grounding in the international human rights documents, this particular provision has long suffered from obscurity and confusion about its meaning. Fortunately, a new wave of scholarship provides a more solid conceptual foundation for the right to science and culture. This new literature understands the right to science and culture as having two complementary aspects. The “protection” aspect of the right calls for attention to the moral and material interests of authors and scientists. The “participation” aspect emphasises inclusion in the processes of creative expression and scientific discovery, as well as access to the fruits of cultural and technological creativity. This dual nature allows the right to science and culture to play a unique role in intellectual property debates. The encounter between the international human rights and IP regimes had previously been framed strongly in terms of conflict between IP protection and human rights demands. In contrast, the right to science and culture frames both protection and access in human rights terms. It thus points towards solutions in the nature of integrating and reconciling intellectual property and human rights principles, rather than asserting the primacy of one set of interests over the other. These ideas have now found acceptance within the United Nations system. The UN Special Rapporteur in the field of cultural rights, Farida Shaheed, first offered a detailed and authoritative interpretation of the right to science in a May 2012 report adopted by the UN Human Rights Council (A/HRC/20/26). Among many themes, this report considered the role of intellectual property in shaping enjoyment of the right to science. Between 2013 and 2015, the Special Rapporteur decided to focus even further on understanding and explaining the relationship between intellectual property and the right to science and culture. This subsequent work ultimately resulted in two major reports by the Special Rapporteur, one focused on copyright (A/HRC/28/57) and the other on patents (A/70/279). This short article examines the origins, development, and conclusions of these two reports. I had the privilege to serve as a consultant to the Special Rapporteur in this process, producing drafts, participating in all meetings organised to solicit expert feedback on the drafts, and collaborating on their finalisation. My aim here is to provide an accessible overview of the substance of these reports, as well as to take the reader “behind the scenes” to appreciate some of the challenges and difficulties encountered during the process to provide insight on the choices ultimately made.
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    Not Ready for Prime Time: Measuring Publications/Citation Impact for Latin American Titles
    (2013-05-21) Ramirez, Mirian; Craig, Amelia
    Two United Nations Librarians stationed in Latin America (Chile and Mexico) discuss their pilot project on measuring citation impact for UN Publications and new trends in Altmetrics.