Browsing by Subject "Travel"
Now showing 1 - 10 of 15
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Abortion-Related Laws and Concurrent Patterns in Abortion Incidence in Indiana, 2010-2019(American Public Health Association, 2023) Moseson, Heidi; Smith, Mikaela H.; Chakraborty, Payal; Gyuras, Hillary J.; Foster, Abigail; Bessett, Danielle; Wilkinson, Tracey A.; Norris, Alison H.; Pediatrics, School of MedicineObjectives: To analyze abortion incidence in Indiana concurrent with changes in abortion-related laws. Methods: Using publicly available data, we created a timeline of abortion-related laws in Indiana, calculated abortion rates by geography, and described changes in abortion occurrence coincident with changes in abortion-related laws between 2010 and 2019. Results: Between 2010 and 2019, Indiana’s legislature passed 14 abortion-restricting laws, and 4 of 10 abortion-providing clinics closed. The Indiana abortion rate decreased from 7.8 abortions per 1000 women aged 15 to 44 years in 2010 to 5.9 in 2019. At all time points, the abortion rate was 58% to 71% of the Midwestern rate and 48% to 55% of the national rate. By 2019, nearly 1 in 3 (29%) Indiana residents who obtained abortion care did so outside the state. Conclusions: Access to abortion in Indiana over the past decade was low, required increases in interstate travel to obtain care, and co-occurred with the passage of numerous abortion restrictions. Public Health Implications: These findings preview unequal abortion access and increases in interstate travel as state-level restrictions and bans go into effect across the country.Item Association of a Liver Allocation Policy Change With Domestic Travel for Liver Transplantation(Wolters Kluwer, 2025-01-23) Ross-Driscoll, Katie; Kubal, Chandrashekhar; Ayuk-Arrey, Arrey-Takor; Fridell, Jonathan; Axelrod, David; Surgery, School of MedicineBackground: In 2020, liver allocation policy in the United States was changed to allow for broader organ sharing, which was hypothesized to reduce patient incentives to travel for transplant. Our objective was to describe patterns of travel for domestic liver transplant pre- and post-acuity circle (AC) implementation. Methods: Incident adult liver transplant listings between August 16, 2016, and February 3, 2020 (pre-AC) or June 13, 2020, and December 3, 2023 (post-AC) were obtained from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. We used previously defined geographic catchment areas to classify patients as (1) no travel, (2) travel to a neighboring region, and (3) travel beyond a neighboring region. We used multinomial logistic regression to identify characteristics associated with travel and cause-specific hazards modeling to estimate the association between travel and time to deceased donor transplant, stratified by model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and AC era. Results: Among 83 033 liver candidates, 76% were listed in their home region. Black race, lower educational attainment, increased neighborhood social deprivation, and Medicaid were significantly associated with decreased odds of traveling beyond a neighboring region. After AC, traveling beyond a neighboring region was associated with an increased hazard of transplant for patients with a MELD score <15 (cause-specific hazard ratio [csHR]: 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.40), MELD score 15-24 (csHR: 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07-1.31), and MELD score 25-34 (csHR: 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01-1.32). Conclusions: Travel frequency, geographic patterns of travel, and characteristics associated with travel were largely unchanged after AC. Changes to allocation policy alone may not equalize patient means or desire to travel for transplant care.Item Impacts of State Reopening Policy on Human Mobility(National Bureau of Economic Research, 2020-05) Nguyen, Thuy D.; Gupta, Sumedha; Andersen, Martin; Bento, Ana; Simon, Kosali I.; Wing, Coady; O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, IU & IUPUIThis study quantifies the effect of state reopening policies on daily mobility, travel, and mixing behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. We harness cell device signal data to examine the effects of the timing and pace of reopening plans in different states. We quantify the increase in mobility patterns during the reopening phase by a broad range of cell-device-based metrics. Soon (four days) after reopening, we observe a 6% to 8% mobility increase. In addition, we find that temperature and precipitation are strongly associated with increased mobility across counties. The mobility measures that reflect visits to a greater variety of locations responds the most to reopening policies, while total time in vs. outside the house remains unchanged. The largest increases in mobility occur in states that were late adopters of closure measures, suggesting that closure policies may have represented more of a binding constraint in those states. Together, these four observations provide an assessment of the extent to which people in the U.S. are resuming movement and physical proximity as the COVID-19 pandemic continues.Item Incidence of COVID-19 among returning travelers in quarantine facilities: A longitudinal study and lessons learned(Elsevier, 2020-10-07) Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Sattar, Amar; Al-Khadra, Husain; Al-Qahtani, Saeed; Al-Mulhim, Mobarak; Al-Omoush, Omar; Kheir, Hatim O.; Medicine, School of MedicineIntroduction: The emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had resulted in an unpresented global pandemic. In the initial events, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia implemented mandatory quarantine of returning travelers in order to contain COVID-19 cases. Materials and methods: This is a longitudinal study of the arriving travelers to Quarantine facilities and the prevalence of positive SARS-CoV-2 as detected by RT-PCR. Results: During the study period, there was a total of 1928 returning travelers with 1273 (66%) males. The age range was 28 days–69 years. Of all the travelers, 23 (1.2%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Of the first swab, 14/1928 (0.7%) tested positive. The positivity rate was 0.63% and 0.92% among males and females, respectively (P = 0.57). The second swab was positive in 9 (0.5%) of the other 1914 who were initially negative with a positivity rate of 0.39% and 0.62% among males and females, respectively (P = 0.49). There was no statistical difference in the positivity rates between first and second swab (P = 0.4). Of all travelers, 40 (n = 26, 1.3%) were admitted from the quarantine facility to the hospital due to COVID-19 related positive results or development of symptoms such as fever, cough, and respiratory symptoms; and 14 (0.7%) were admitted due to non-COVID-19 related illness. Conclusion: This study showed the efforts put for facility quarantine and that such activity yielded a lower incidence of positive cases. There was a need to have a backup healthcare facility to accommodate those developing a medical need for evaluation and admission for non-COVID-19 related illnesses.Item International outbreaks of Monkeypox virus infection with no established travel: A public health concern with significant knowledge gap(Elsevier, 2022) Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Barry, Mazin; Memish, Ziad A.; Medicine, School of MedicineItem Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is Not Circulating Among Hajj Pilgrims(Springer, 2023) Al‑Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Memish, Ziad A.; Medicine, School of MedicineSince the emergence of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) 2012, the virus had caused multiple healthcare-associated outbreaks. The initial 2012 Hajj season started few weeks after the first case of MERS-CoV, but there were no reported cases among pilgrims in 2012. Since then, there had been multiple studies examining the prevalence of MERS-CoV among Hajj pilgrims. Subsequently, multiple studies utilized screening of pilgrims for MERS-CoV and > 10,000 pilgrims were screened with no identifiable cases of MERS.Item Perceptions of the ethical permissibility of strict travel restrictions to mitigate transmission of SARS-CoV-2(Elsevier, 2022) Hartsock, Jane A.; Head, Katharine J.; Kasting, Monica L.; Sturm, Lynne; Zimet, Gregory; Communication Studies, School of Liberal ArtsAlthough there has been extensive exploration of public opinion surrounding many non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) aimed at mitigating transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (e.g. mask-wearing and social distancing), there has been less discussion of the public's perception of the ethical appropriateness other NPIs. This paper presents the results of a survey of U.S. adults' opinions of the ethical permissibility of both state-to-state and international travel restrictions to mitigate transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Our research revealed overall high agreement with the ethical permissibility of both state-to-state and international travel restrictions, though we saw significant difference across political party affiliation and conservative/liberal ideologies. Other factors associated with agreement with state-to-state travel restrictions included increasing education, increasing income, and both high and low commitment altruism. When considering international travel restrictions, income, education, and low commitment altruism were associated with increased agreement with the ethical permissibility of international travel restrictions. Ethical analysis and implications are explored.Item Quarantining arriving travelers in the era of COVID-19: balancing the risk and benefits a learning experience from Bahrain(Springer Nature, 2021-01-12) Abdulrahman, Abdulkarim; AlSabbagh, Manaf; AlAwadhi, Abdulla; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Rabaan, Ali A.; Atkin, Stephen; AlQahtani, Manaf; Medicine, School of MedicineThe quarantine period imposed to travelers in many countries due to COVID19 is a major obstacle for any traveler. Lifting the quarantine period could lead to significant improvement in people’s quality of life and any country’s economy. Bahrain have used two quarantine models from arriving passengers. We report data about the incidence of COVID19 on arriving passengers at Bahrain International airport. Infection rates were reported on arrival, during quarantine and after leaving quarantine. Results showed that travelers had low incidence of COVID19 on arriving and during the quarantine period, while becoming at higher risk after leaving quarantine. We concluded that quarantine requirement maybe lifted for arriving travelers. Testing upon arrival with implementation of the public health preventative measures can minimize the risk of transmission.