Browsing by Subject "Traumatic events"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Epidemiology of Traumatic Experiences in Childhood
    (Elsevier, 2014) Saunders, Benjamin E.; Adams, Zachary W.; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    The epidemiology of traumatic experiences in childhood is a key context for research, clinical treatment, program management, and policy development. This article discusses the conceptual, methodological, and programmatic challenges in precisely answering even relatively simple questions concerning the basic prevalence and incidence of important trauma types among American youth. Findings from studies using nationally representative samples and directly interviewing youth about their trauma histories are reviewed, and lifetime prevalence rates for various types of traumatic experience presented. Clinical application of this information and future directions are discussed.
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    Risk reduction through family therapy (RRFT): Protocol of a randomized controlled efficacy trial of an integrative treatment for co-occurring substance use problems and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adolescents who have experienced interpersonal violence and other traumatic events
    (Elsevier, 2020) Hahn, Austin M.; Adams, Zachary W.; Chapman, Jason; McCart, Michael R.; Sheidow, Ashli J.; de Arellano, Michael A.; Danielson, Carla Kmett; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Decades of research demonstrate that childhood exposure to traumatic events, particularly interpersonal violence experiences (IPV; sexual abuse, physical abuse, witnessing violence), increases risk for negative behavioral and emotional outcomes, including substance use problems (SUP) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite this well-established link—including empirical support for shared etiological and functional connections between SUP and PTSD –the field has been void of a gold standard treatment for adolescent populations. To address this gap, our team recently completed a large randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of Risk Reduction through Family Therapy (RRFT), an integrative and exposure-based risk-reduction and treatment approach for adolescents who have experienced IPV and other traumatic events. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed description of the design and methods of this RCT designed to reduce SUP, PTSD symptoms, and related risk behaviors, with outcomes measured from pre-treatment through 18 months post-entry. Specifically, the recruitment and sampling procedures, assessment measures and methods, description of the intervention, and planned statistical approaches to evaluating the full range of outcomes are detailed. Clinical and research implications of this work are also discussed.
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    Smartphone language features may help identify adverse post-traumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae and their trajectories
    (Springer Nature, 2025) Vizer, Lisa; Pierce, Jennifer; Ji, Yinyao; Bucher, Meredith A.; Liu, Mochuan; Ungar, Lyle; Giorgi, Salvatore; Xing, Zhaopeng; House, Stacey L.; Beaudoin, Francesca L.; Stevens, Jennifer S.; Neylan, Thomas C.; Clifford, Gari D.; Jovanovic, Tanja; Linnstaedt, Sarah D.; Zeng, Donglin; Germine, Laura T.; Bollen, Kenneth A.; Rauch, Scott L.; Haran, John P.; Storrow, Alan B.; Lewandowski, Christopher; Musey, Paul I., Jr.; Hendry, Phyllis L.; Sheikh, Sophia; Jones, Christopher W.; Punches, Brittany E.; Hudak, Lauren A.; Pascual, Jose L.; Seamon, Mark J.; Harris, Erica; Pearson, Claire; Peak, David A.; Merchant, Roland C.; Domeier, Robert M.; O'Neil, Brian J.; Sergot, Paulina; Sanchez, Leon D.; Bruce, Steven E.; Harte, Steven E.; Kessler, Ronald C.; Koenen, Karestan C.; McLean, Samuel A.; An, Xinming; Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine
    Language features may reflect underlying cognitive and emotional processes following a traumatic event that portend clinical outcomes. The authors sought to determine whether language features from usual smartphone use were markers associated with concurrent posttraumatic symptoms and worsening or improving posttraumatic symptoms over time following a traumatic exposure. This investigation was a secondary analysis of the Advancing Understanding of RecOvery afteR traumA study, a longitudinal study of traumatic outcomes among survivors recruited from 33 emergency departments across the United States. Adverse posttraumatic sequelae were assessed over the six months following the initial traumatic exposure. Language features were extracted from usual smartphone use in a specialized app. Bivariate linear mixed models were used to identify and validate language features that are markers associated with posttraumatic symptoms. Participants were 1744 trauma survivors, with a mean age of 39 [SD = 13] years old, and 56% were female. Fourteen language features were associated with severity level of posttraumatic symptoms at specific timepoints (cross-sectional markers) and five features were associated with change in severity level of posttraumatic symptoms (longitudinal markers). References to the body and health or illness were predictive of worsening pain, somatic, and thinking/concentration/fatigue symptom severity over time. An increase in references to others was associated with improvement in somatic symptom severity over time and increases in expressions of causation or cognitive processes were associated with improvement in pain symptom severity over time. Language features derived from usual smartphone use can convey important information about health, functioning, and recovery following a traumatic event. Clinicians might utilize such information to determine who may experience a high symptom burden or risk of worsening posttraumatic symptoms.