Browsing by Subject "Transparency"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Convergence in Environmental Reporting: Assessing the Carbon Disclosure Project
    (2013-07) Matisoff, Daniel C.; Noonan, Douglas S.; O'Brien, John J.
    We perform content analysis on Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) responses from 2003 to 2010, focusing on the extent to which firms account for indirect emissions and have exhibited convergence in carbon reporting. We also examine standardization in reporting and the variation of reporting behavior across industry and country. We find that the CDP has produced a mixed record of improved transparency. In some areas, such as Scope 2 emissions, the CDP has demonstrated an increase in transparency in later years. However, the transparency and quality of direct emissions and Scope 3 emissions have not improved over time. Japanese and European Union firms have increased transparency, while American firms have decreased transparency. Energy-intensive industries have either increased transparency or remained the same, while less energy-intensive industries have become less transparent. We demonstrate some evidence of a learning effect among firms after participating in the CDP survey.
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    Feasibility of an Audit and Feedback Intervention to Facilitate Journal Policy Change Towards Greater Promotion of Transparency and Openness in Sports Science Research
    (Springer, 2022-08-02) Hansford, Harrison J.; Cashin, Aidan G.; Bagg , Matthew K.; Wewege, Michael A.; Ferraro , Michael C.; Kianersi , Sina; Mayo-Wilson , Evan; Grant, Sean P.; Toomey, Elaine; Skinner , Ian W.; McAuley , James H.; Lee, Hopin; Jones, Matthew D.; Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health
    Objectives To evaluate (1) the feasibility of an audit-feedback intervention to facilitate sports science journal policy change, (2) the reliability of the Transparency of Research Underpinning Social Intervention Tiers (TRUST) policy evaluation form, and (3) the extent to which policies of sports science journals support transparent and open research practices. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, audit-feedback, feasibility study of transparency and openness standards of the top 38 sports science journals by impact factor. The TRUST form was used to evaluate journal policies support for transparent and open research practices. Feedback was provided to journal editors in the format of a tailored letter. Inter-rater reliability and agreement of the TRUST form was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients and the standard error of measurement, respectively. Time-based criteria, fidelity of intervention delivery and qualitative feedback were used to determine feasibility. Results The audit-feedback intervention was feasible based on the time taken to rate journals and provide tailored feedback. The mean (SD) score on the TRUST form (range 0–27) was 2.05 (1.99), reflecting low engagement with transparent and open practices. Inter-rater reliability of the overall score of the TRUST form was moderate [ICC (2,1) = 0.68 (95% CI 0.55–0.79)], with standard error of measurement of 1.17. However, some individual items had poor reliability. Conclusion Policies of the top 38 sports science journals have potential for improved support for transparent and open research practices. The feasible audit-feedback intervention developed here warrants large-scale evaluation as a means to facilitate change in journal policies.
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    Opinion: Why institutional review boards should have a role in the open science movement
    (National Academy of Sciences, 2019-10-22) Grant, Sean; Bouskill, Kathryn E.; Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health
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    Re-casting the Annual Faculty Review
    (New Prairie Press, 2020) Urtel, Mark G.
    This session will highlight how one department chair flipped the annual faculty review from a top-down administrative process focused on merit pay to a faculty-centered process focused on professional development and advancement. Following will be discussion on the results of the anonymous survey distributed to faculty from this new process.
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    Shared Vulnerability: Transparency as Facilitator During Pandemic Learning
    (Springer, 2021-11) McCarthy, Katherine M.; School of Social Work
    This chapter explores the intentional use of transparency while teaching an online Master of Social Work (MSW) course during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. First the author recognizes how the unfolding crisis necessitated altered boundaries between herself and her students. Then the author presents four ways she used transparency to help students stay engaged and involved in the course, including changing expectations, expressing feelings, prioritizing safety and well-being, and requesting help. Finally, the author reflects upon how these Spring 2020 adjustments will inform her future pedagogy.
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    Water clarity response to climate warming and wetting of the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau: A remote sensing approach
    (Elsevier, 2021-11) Zhang, Yibo; Shi, Kun; Zhang, Yunlin; Moreno-Madriñán, Max Jacobo; Xu, Xuan; Zhou, Yongqiang; Qin, Boqiang; Zhu, Guangwei; Jeppesen, Erik; Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health
    Water clarity (generally quantified as the Secchi disk depth: SDD) is a key variable for assessing environmental changes in lakes. Using remote sensing we calculated and elucidated the SDD dynamics in lakes in the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Lake Zone (IMXL) from 1986 to 2018 in response to variations in temperature, rainfall, lake area, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and Palmer's drought severity index (PDSI). The results showed that the lakes with high SDD values are primarily located in the Xinjiang region at longitudes of 75°–93° E. In contrast, the lakes in Inner Mongolia at longitudes of 93°–118° E generally have low SDD values. In total, 205 lakes show significant increasing SDD trends (P < 0.05), with a mean rate of 0.15 m per decade. In contrast, 75 lakes, most of which are located in Inner Mongolia, exhibited significant decreasing trends with a mean rate of 0.08 m per decade (P < 0.05). Pooled together, an overall increase is found with a mean rate of 0.14 m per decade. Multiple linear regression reveals that among the five variables selected to explain the variations in SDD, lake area accounts for the highest proportion of variance (25%), while temperature and rainfall account for 12% and 10%, respectively. In addition, rainfall accounts for 52% of the variation in humidity, 8% of the variation in lake area and 7% of the variation in NDVI. Temperature accounts for 27% of the variation in NDVI, 39% of the variation in lake area and 22% of the variation in PDSI. Warming and wetting conditions in IMXL thus promote the growth of vegetation and cause melting of glaciers and expansion of lake area, which eventually leads to improved water quality in the lakes in terms of higher SDD. In contrast, lakes facing more severe drought conditions, became more turbid.