Browsing by Subject "Translational Medical Research"

Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    Advances in translational bioinformatics facilitate revealing the landscape of complex disease mechanisms
    (Springer (Biomed Central Ltd.), 2014) Yang, Jack Y.; Dunker, A. Keith; Liu, Jun S.; Qin, Xiang; Arabnia, Hamid R.; Yang, William; Niemierko, Andrzej; Chen, Zhongxue; Luo, Zuojie; Wang, Liangjiang; Liu, Yunlong; Xu, Dong; Deng, Youping; Tong, Weida; Yang, Mary Qu; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IU School of Medicine
    Advances of high-throughput technologies have rapidly produced more and more data from DNAs and RNAs to proteins, especially large volumes of genome-scale data. However, connection of the genomic information to cellular functions and biological behaviours relies on the development of effective approaches at higher systems level. In particular, advances in RNA-Seq technology has helped the studies of transcriptome, RNA expressed from the genome, while systems biology on the other hand provides more comprehensive pictures, from which genes and proteins actively interact to lead to cellular behaviours and physiological phenotypes. As biological interactions mediate many biological processes that are essential for cellular function or disease development, it is important to systematically identify genomic information including genetic mutations from GWAS (genome-wide association study), differentially expressed genes, bidirectional promoters, intrinsic disordered proteins (IDP) and protein interactions to gain deep insights into the underlying mechanisms of gene regulations and networks. Furthermore, bidirectional promoters can co-regulate many biological pathways, where the roles of bidirectional promoters can be studied systematically for identifying co-regulating genes at interactive network level. Combining information from different but related studies can ultimately help revealing the landscape of molecular mechanisms underlying complex diseases such as cancer.
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    Building a data sharing model for global genomic research
    (BioMed Central, 2014-08-11) Kosseim, Patricia; Dove, Edward S.; Baggaley, Carman; Meslin, Eric M.; Cate, Fred H.; Kaye, Jane; Harris, Jennifer R.; Knoppers, Bartha M.; Department of Medicine, IU School of Medicine
    Data sharing models designed to facilitate global business provide insights for improving transborder genomic data sharing. We argue that a flexible, externally endorsed, multilateral arrangement, combined with an objective third-party assurance mechanism, can effectively balance privacy with the need to share genomic data globally.
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    Creating a Worldview and Permissive Microenvironment for Translational Sciences
    (Wiley, 2013-08) Shekhar, Anantha; Medicine, School of Medicine
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    Identification and Mechanistic Investigation of Drug-Drug Interactions Associated With Myopathy: A Translational Approach
    (Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons), 2015-09) Han, X.; Quinney, S. K.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, P.; Duke, J.; Desta, Z.; Elmendorf, J. S.; Flockhart, D. A.; Li, L.; Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, IU School of Medicine
    Myopathy is a group of muscle diseases that can be induced or exacerbated by drug-drug interactions (DDIs). We sought to identify clinically important myopathic DDIs and elucidate their underlying mechanisms. Five DDIs were found to increase the risk of myopathy based on analysis of observational data from the Indiana Network of Patient Care. Loratadine interacted with simvastatin (relative risk 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.39, 2.06]), alprazolam (1.50, 2.31), ropinirole (2.06, 5.00), and omeprazole (1.15, 1.38). Promethazine interacted with tegaserod (1.94, 4.64). In vitro investigation showed that these DDIs were unlikely to result from inhibition of drug metabolism by CYP450 enzymes or from inhibition of hepatic uptake via the membrane transporter OATP1B1/1B3. However, we did observe in vitro synergistic myotoxicity of simvastatin and desloratadine, suggesting a role in loratadine-simvastatin interaction. This interaction was epidemiologically confirmed (odds ratio 95% CI = [2.02, 3.65]) using the data from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System.
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    A Model for Engaging Public–Private Partnerships
    (Wiley, 2011-04-04) Shekhar, Anantha; Denne, Scott; Tierney, William; Wilkes, David; Brater, D. Craig; Medicine, School of Medicine
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    Project development teams: a novel mechanism for accelerating translational research
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2015-01) Sajdyk, Tammy J.; Sors, Thomas G.; Hunt, Joe D.; Murray, Mary E.; Deford, Melanie E.; Shekhar, Anantha; Denne, Scott C.; Department of Pediatrics, IU School of Medicine
    The trend in conducting successful biomedical research is shifting from individual academic labs to coordinated collaborative research teams. Teams of experienced investigators with a wide variety of expertise are now critical for developing and maintaining a successful, productive research program. However, assembling a team whose members have the right expertise requires a great deal of time and many resources. To assist investigators seeking such resources, the Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (Indiana CTSI) created the Project Development Teams (PDTs) program to support translational research on and across the Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana University, Purdue University, and University of Notre Dame campuses. PDTs are multidisciplinary committees of seasoned researchers who assist investigators, at any stage of research, in transforming ideas/hypotheses into well-designed translational research projects. The teams help investigators capitalize on Indiana CTSI resources by providing investigators with, as needed, mentoring and career development; protocol development; pilot funding; institutional review board, regulatory, and/or nursing support; intellectual property support; access to institutional technology; and assistance with biostatistics, bioethics, recruiting participants, data mining, engaging community health, and collaborating with other investigators.Indiana CTSI leaders have analyzed metrics, collected since the inception of the PDT program in 2008 from both investigators and team members, and found evidence strongly suggesting that the highly responsive teams have become an important one-stop venue for facilitating productive interactions between basic and clinical scientists across four campuses, have aided in advancing the careers of junior faculty, and have helped investigators successfully obtain external funds.
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    Research priorities in geriatric palliative care: policy initiatives
    (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 2013-12) Unroe, Kathleen T.; Meier, Diane E.; Department of Medicine, IU School of Medicine
    Coordinated palliative care matched to patient needs improves quality of care for vulnerable patients with serious illness and reduces costly use of hospitals and emergency departments. Unfortunately, there is a disconnect in translating geriatric palliative care models and principles into policy and widespread practice. Gaps in policy-relevant research are addressed, including implementation strategies to scale up existing care models, the role of palliative care and geriatrics in health care payment reform efforts, development of quality measures for complex patients, strategies to address workforce shortages, and an approach to hospice reform.
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    Translational research on aging: clinical epidemiology as a bridge between the sciences
    (Elsevier, 2014-05) Callahan, Christopher M.; Foroud, Tatiana; Saykin, Andrew J.; Shekhar, Anantha; Hendrie, Hugh C.; Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, IU School of Medicine
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    Understanding Career Success and Its Contributing Factors for Clinical and Translational Investigators
    (Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer) - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016-04) Robinson, Georgeanna F. W. B.; Schwartz, Lisa S.; DiMeglio, Linda A.; Ahluwalia, Jasjit S.; Gabrilove, Janice L.; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    PURPOSE: To understand the factors that facilitate career success for career development awardees in clinical and translational science and reconceptualize understand ing of career success for this population. METHOD: In 2013-2014, the authors conducted semistructured interviews with former NIH KL2 or K12 scholars from nine Clinical and Translational Science Award-funded institutions. Participants either had or had not secured independent funding at least two years after the end of their last K award. Questions covered the factors that facilitate or hinder junior investigators' transition to independent funding. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and the transcripts were analyzed thematically. RESULTS: Forty individuals participated, with equal representation by men and women and by independently and not independently funded investigators. Personal factors that facilitated success included networks, persistence and resilience, initiative, autonomy, and personal and professional balance. Organizational factors included appropriate mentorship, protected research time, and institutional resources and support.Even independently funded participants described challenges regarding career direction. Five participants without independent funding modeled a broad spectrum of successful career paths, having assumed leadership positions not reliant on grant funding. Alternative definitions of career success included improving public health, enjoying work, seeing mentees succeed, and receiving external acknowledgment of successes. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of the factors that facilitate or hinder career success can help junior faculty, mentors, and institutional leaders support career development in clinical and translational science. New definitions of career success are needed, as are career paths for faculty who want to engage in research in roles other than principal investigator.