Browsing by Subject "Trachea"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Aspiration of Aluminum Beverage Can Tab: Case Report and Literature Review
    (Hindawi, 2017) Elghouche, Alhasan N.; Lobo, Brian C.; Ting, Jonathan Y.; Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine
    We describe the case of a 16-year-old male who aspirated a beverage can tab resulting in significant functional impairment. Since the introduction of beverage can opening tabs ("pop-tops" or "pull-tabs") nearly 50 years ago, five cases of their aspiration have been reported in the literature and this is the first case to report tracheal lodgment. We describe the clinical course for this patient including the inadequacy of radiographic evaluation and a significant delay in diagnosis. We highlight unique features of small aluminum foreign bodies that require consideration and mention a potential change in epidemiology associated with evolving product design. Our primary objective is increased awareness among otolaryngologists that radiography is unreliable for diagnosis or localization of small aluminum foreign bodies. The patient history must therefore be incorporated with other imaging modalities and/or endoscopic evaluation. Also, given the marked prevalence of aluminum beverage cans, we suspect that the inadvertent aspiration of can tabs is more common than indicated by the paucity of published reports.
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    Th17 cells contribute to pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation during chronic kidney disease progression after acute ischemia
    (American Physiological Society, 2018-02-01) Mehrotra, Purvi; Collett, Jason A.; Gunst, Susan J.; Basile, David P.; Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine
    Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with high mortality rates and predisposes development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Distant organ damage, particularly in the lung, may contribute to mortality in AKI patients. Animal models of AKI demonstrate an increase in pulmonary infiltration of lymphocytes and reveal an acute compromise of lung function, but the chronic effects of AKI on pulmonary inflammation are unknown. We hypothesized that in response to renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), there is a persistent systemic increase in Th17 cells with potential effects on pulmonary structure and function. Renal I/R injury was performed on rats, and CKD progression was hastened by unilateral nephrectomy and exposure to 4.0% sodium diet between 35 and 63 days post-I/R. Th17 cells in peripheral blood showed a progressive increase up to 63 days after recovery from I/R injury. Infiltration of leukocytes including Th17 cells was also elevated in bronchiolar lavage (BAL) fluid 7 days after I/R and remained elevated for up to 63 days. Lung histology demonstrated an increase in alveolar cellularity and a significant increase in picrosirius red staining. Suppression of lymphocytes with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or an IL-17 antagonist significantly reduced Th17 cell infiltration and fibrosis in lung. In addition, tracheal smooth muscle contraction to acetylcholine was significantly enhanced 63-days after I/R relative to sham-operated controls. These data suggest that AKI is associated with a persistent increase in circulating and lung Th17 cells which may promote pulmonary fibrosis and the potential alteration in airway contractility.
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    Treatment with placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells mitigates development of bronchiolitis obliterans in a murine model
    (Elsevier, 2014) Zhao, Yunge; Gillen, Jacob R.; Harris, David A.; Kron, Irving L.; Murphy, Michael P.; Lau, Christine L.; Surgery, School of Medicine
    Objective: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown therapeutic potential in acute lung injury. Recently, placenta-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) have shown similarities with bone marrow-derived MSCs in terms of regenerative capabilities and immunogenicity. This study investigates the hypothesis that treatment with PMSCs reduces the development of bronchiolitis obliterans in a murine heterotopic tracheal transplant model. Methods: A murine heterotopic tracheal transplant model was used to study the continuum from acute to chronic rejection. In the treatment groups, PMSCs or PMSC-conditioned medium (PMSCCM) were injected either locally or intratracheally into the allograft. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or blank medium was injected in the control groups. Tracheal luminal obliteration was assessed on sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Infiltration of inflammatory and immune cells and epithelial progenitor cells was assessed using immunohistochemistry and densitometric analysis. Results: Compared with injection of PBS, local injection of PMSCs significantly reduced luminal obliteration at 28 days after transplantation (P = .015). Intratracheal injection of PMSCs showed similar results to local injection of PMSCs compared with injection of PBS and blank medium (P = .022). Tracheas treated with PMSC/PMSCCM showed protection against the loss of epithelium on day 14, with an increase in P63+CK14+ epithelial progenitor cells and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. In addition, injection of PMSCs and PMSCCM significantly reduced the number of neutrophils and CD3+ T cells on day 14. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that treatment with PMSCs is protective against the development of bronchiolitis obliterans in an heterotopic tracheal transplant model. These results indicate that PMSCs could provide a novel therapeutic option to reduce chronic rejection after lung transplant.