Browsing by Subject "Tissue Engineering"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Biomechanics and Biomaterials Research Center
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2013-04-05) Yokota, Hiroki; Xie, Dong
    The Biomechanics and Biomaterials Research Center (BBRC) was founded in 1991 and reactivated in the current form in 2012. Through a collaborative effort from School of Engineering and Technology, School of Dentistry, School of Medicine, School of Science, and School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, the Center is to strengthen a national presence in the emerging areas of Mechanobiology, Tissue Engineering, and Biomaterials. The main aim of BBRC is to enhance our competitiveness for research grants by fostering new research collaborations among established investigators as well as new investigators. In particular, we coordinate efforts to obtain multi-PI research grants from federal agencies including NIH, NSF, NASA, and DOD, as well as center grants, and training programs. Funds at BBRC are used to seed pilot projects, support students, provide shared equipment, and invite seminar speakers for developing multidisciplinary and multi-school research programs. The following pilot projects were funded (95K in total) in 2013. • Development of NIAMS P30 • Development of novel oral stable dental resin composite • FRET-based analysis of mechanotransduction of joint cells • Stat3 and mitochondrial activity in mechanotransduction • Synthetic niche for in vitro culture of pancreatic cancer cells • Mechanical stimulation, fracture resistance and fracture healing in bone • Integration of spatial and temporal respiratory motion in adaptive proton therapy delivery
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Exploring Chondrocyte Integrin Regulation of Growth Factor IGF-I Expression from a Transient pAAV Vector
    (2013-08-20) Ratley, Samantha Kay; Trippel, Stephen B.; Lin, Chien-Chi; Stocum, David L.
    Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) is a growth factor that stimulates both mitogenic and anabolic responses in articular chondrocytes. While it has been shown that exogenous IGF-I can regulate chondrocyte integrins, little is known regarding regulatory effects of IGF-I produced from a transiently expressed plasmid based adeno-associated virus (pAAV) vector. Because chondrocytes are using cellular machinery to overexpress IGF-I, it is of interest to see whether or not pAAV IGF-I will significantly upregulate or downregulate chondrocyte integrins. Additionally, it is of interest to know whether chondrocyte adhesion through integrins will have any regulatory effects on the production of IGF-I from the transgene. Therefore, this study will ascertain if pAAV IGF-I will have similar effects that exogenous IGF-I has on integrin regulation and if integrin silencing mechanisms will affect the production of IGF-I from the transgene. To test these hypotheses, adult articular chondrocytes were doubly transfected with the pAAV vector for IGF-I and short interference ribonucleic acid (siRNA) for integrins beta 1 and alpha V. Gene products were monitored at the transcriptional levels using quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (qPCR) and IGF-I protein production was monitored at the translational level using enzyme linked immunoabsorbant assays (ELISAs). Adult articular chondrocytes doubly transfected were encapsulated in a three dimensional hydrogel system to simulate an in vivo environment. Samples were collected for analysis at days 2, 4, and 6 post encapsulation. Results show that IGF-I treatment with the pAAV vector does not cause significant changes in the transcriptional regulation of the beta 1 integrin in a three dimensional hydrogel system. The pAAV IGF-I vector did not cause significant regulatory changes on integrin alpha V at any time point during the experiment. Additionally, by knocking down the expression levels of integrins by using siRNA, it was shown that integrin knockdown does not have a significant regulatory effect on transcriptional or translational expression levels of IGF-I from the pAAV vector.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Scaffold-free bioprinting of mesenchymal stem cells with the regenova printer: Optimization of printing parameters
    (Elsevier, 2019-03-23) Aguilar, Izath Nizeet; Smith, Lester J.; Olivos, David J.; Chu, Tien-Min Gabriel; Kacena, Melissa A.; Wagner, Diane R.; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine
    The Kenzan bioprinting method provides a high-resolution biofabrication process by facilitating the fusion of submillimeter cell aggregates (spheroids) into larger tissue constructs on a needle array that is removed upon spheroid fusion. Although the method is relatively straightforward in principle, Kenzan method bioprinting relies on a complex 3D bioprinter (Regenova Bio 3D Printer, Cyfuse, K.K., Japan) implementing an advanced vision system to verify the microscopic spheroids’ geometry and high-precision mechatronics to aseptically manipulate the spheroids into position. Due to the complexity of the operation, the need for aseptic conditions, and the size of the spheroids, proficiency with the Regenova Bio 3D Printer and the Kenzan method requires development of best practices and troubleshooting techniques to ensure a robust print and minimize the use of resources. In addition, managing the construct post-bioprinting both in culture and for surgical implantation requires careful consideration and workflow design. Here, we describe methods for generating a competent tissue construct and optimizing the bioprinting process. Optimization resulted in a 4-fold reduction in print times, a 20-fold reduction in the use of bioprinting nozzles, and more robust constructs. The results and procedures described herein will have potential applications for tissue engineering, research, and clinical uses in the future.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Stem cell-derived tissue-engineered constructs for hemilaryngeal reconstruction
    (Sage Publications, 2014-02) Halum, Stacey L.; Bijangi-Vishehsaraei, Khadijeh; Zhang, Hongji; Sowinski, John; Bottino, Marco C.; Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, IU School of Medicine
    OBJECTIVES: As an initial step toward our goal of developing a completely tissue-engineered larynx, the aim of this study was to describe and compare three strategies of creating tissue-engineered muscle-polymer constructs for hemilaryngeal reconstruction. METHODS: Cartilage-mimicking polymer was developed from electrospun poly(D,L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PCL). Primary muscle progenitor cell cultures were derived from syngeneic F344 rat skeletal muscle biopsies. Twenty F344 rats underwent resection of the outer hemilaryngeal cartilage with the underlying laryngeal adductor muscle. The defects were repaired with muscle stem cell-derived muscle-PCL constructs (5 animals), myotube-derived muscle-PCL constructs (5 animals), motor end plate-expressing muscle-PCL constructs (5 animals), or PCL alone (controls; 5 animals). The outcome measures at 1 month included animal survival, muscle thickness, and innervation status as determined by electromyography and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: All of the animals survived the 1-month implant period and had appropriate weight gain. The group that received motor end plate-expressing muscle-PCL constructs demonstrated the greatest muscle thickness and the strongest innervation, according to electromyographic activity and the percentage of motor end plates that had nerve contact. CONCLUSIONS: Although all of the tissue-engineered constructs provided effective reconstruction, those that expressed motor end plates before implantation yielded muscle that was more strongly innervated and viable. This finding suggests that this novel approach may be useful in the development of a tissue-engineered laryngeal replacement.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Tissue-engineering-based strategies for regenerative endodontics
    (SAGE Publications, 2014-12) Albuquerque, M. T. P.; Valera, M. C.; Nakashima, M.; Nör, J. E.; Bottino, M. C.; Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, IU School of Dentistry
    Stemming from in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical and human models, tissue-engineering-based strategies continue to demonstrate great potential for the regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex, particularly in necrotic, immature permanent teeth. Nanofibrous scaffolds, which closely resemble the native extracellular matrix, have been successfully synthesized by various techniques, including but not limited to electrospinning. A common goal in scaffold synthesis has been the notion of promoting cell guidance through the careful design and use of a collection of biochemical and physical cues capable of governing and stimulating specific events at the cellular and tissue levels. The latest advances in processing technologies allow for the fabrication of scaffolds where selected bioactive molecules can be delivered locally, thus increasing the possibilities for clinical success. Though electrospun scaffolds have not yet been tested in vivo in either human or animal pulpless models in immature permanent teeth, recent studies have highlighted their regenerative potential both from an in vitro and in vivo (i.e., subcutaneous model) standpoint. Possible applications for these bioactive scaffolds continue to evolve, with significant prospects related to the regeneration of both dentin and pulp tissue and, more recently, to root canal disinfection. Nonetheless, no single implantable scaffold can consistently guide the coordinated growth and development of the multiple tissue types involved in the functional regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive perspective on the latest discoveries related to the use of scaffolds and/or stem cells in regenerative endodontics. The authors focused this review on bioactive nanofibrous scaffolds, injectable scaffolds and stem cells, and pre-clinical findings using stem-cell-based strategies. These topics are discussed in detail in an attempt to provide future direction and to shed light on their potential translation to clinical settings.