- Browse by Subject
Browsing by Subject "Thromboembolism"
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Model predictions of deformation, embolization and permeability of partially obstructive blood clots under variable shear flow(The Royal Society, 2017-11) Xu, Shixin; Xu, Zhiliang; Kim, Oleg V.; Litvinov, Rustem I.; Weisel, John W.; Alber, Mark; Medicine, School of MedicineThromboembolism, one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is characterized by formation of obstructive intravascular clots (thrombi) and their mechanical breakage (embolization). A novel two-dimensional multi-phase computational model is introduced that describes active interactions between the main components of the clot, including platelets and fibrin, to study the impact of various physiologically relevant blood shear flow conditions on deformation and embolization of a partially obstructive clot with variable permeability. Simulations provide new insights into mechanisms underlying clot stability and embolization that cannot be studied experimentally at this time. In particular, model simulations, calibrated using experimental intravital imaging of an established arteriolar clot, show that flow-induced changes in size, shape and internal structure of the clot are largely determined by two shear-dependent mechanisms: reversible attachment of platelets to the exterior of the clot and removal of large clot pieces. Model simulations predict that blood clots with higher permeability are more prone to embolization with enhanced disintegration under increasing shear rate. In contrast, less permeable clots are more resistant to rupture due to shear rate-dependent clot stiffening originating from enhanced platelet adhesion and aggregation. These results can be used in future to predict risk of thromboembolism based on the data about composition, permeability and deformability of a clot under specific local haemodynamic conditions.Item Patients With Previous COVID-19 Infection Can Safely Undergo Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty(Elsevier, 2023) Rosas, Samuel; Pollock, David C.; Roche, Martin W.; Najafi, Farideh; Hollingsworth, Neusha; Buller, Leonard T.; Krueger, Chad A.; Orthopaedic Surgery, School of MedicineBackground: The COVID-19 virus is believed to increase the risk of diffusing intravascular coagulation. Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is one of the most common elective surgeries and is also associated with a temporarily increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the influence of a history of COVID-19 infection on perioperative outcomes following TJA remains unknown. Therefore, this study sought to determine what effect a history of COVID-19 infection had on outcomes following primary TJA. Methods: A retrospective case-control study using the national database was performed to identify all patients who had a history of COVID-19 and had undergone TJA, between 2019 and 2020. Patients who had a history of both were 1:1 matched to those who did not have a history of COVID-19, and 90-day outcomes were compared. A total of 661 TKA and 635 THA patients who had a history of COVID-19 were 1:1 matched to controls. There were no differences in demographics and comorbidities between the propensity-matched pairs in both TKAs and THAs studied. Previous COVID-19 diagnosis was noted in 28.3% of patients 5 days within TJA and in 78.6%, 90 days before TJA. Results: Patients who had a previous diagnosis of COVID-19 had a higher risk of pneumonia during the postoperative period for both THA and TKA (6.9% versus 3.5%, P < .001 and 2.27% versus 1.21%, P = .04, respectively). Mean lengths of stay were also greater for those with a previous COVID-19 infection in both cohorts (TKA: 3.12 versus 2.57, P = .027, THA: 4.52 versus 3.62, P < .001). Other postoperative outcomes were similar between the 2 groups. Conclusion: COVID-19 infection history does not appear to increase the risk of VTE following primary TJA, but appears to increase the risk of pneumonia in addition to lengths of stay postoperatively. Individual risk factors should be discussed with patients, to set reasonable expectations regarding perioperative outcomes.