Browsing by Subject "Synergism"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
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    Analysis of the cytotoxic activity of carboplatin and gemcitabine combination
    (The International Institute of Anticancer Research, 2010-11) Wang, Sisi; Zhang, Hongyong; Evans, Christopher; Pan, Chong-Xian; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IU School of Medicine
    Aim To determine if the drug doses and administration schedules of carboplatin and gemcitabine combination affect antitumor effects. Materials and Methods The inhibition of cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Median effect analysis was conducted to determine the cytotoxicity activity of carboplatin and gemcitabine combination. Cell cycle changes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Synergism was observed when the bladder cancer cell line 5637 cells were treated with gemcitabine followed by carboplatin or concurrent carboplatin/gemcitabine. In contrast, moderate antagonism was observed when cells were treated with carboplatin followed by gemcitabine. Cell cycle analysis showed that the combined effect of these two drugs was cell cycle disturbance. Conclusions Different doses and administration schedules affect the anti-tumor effect of carboplatin/gemcitabine combination that may have clinical significance in the treatment for bladder cancer.
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    Behavioral Effects of the Mixture and the Single Compounds Carbendazim, Fipronil, and Sulfentrazone on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Larvae
    (MDPI, 2024-05-25) Gomes, Samara da Silva; da Silva, Jadson Freitas; Padilha, Renata Meireles Oliveira; de Vasconcelos, João Victor Alves; Neto, Luís Gomes de Negreiros; Marrs, James A.; Cadena, Pabyton Gonçalves; Biology, School of Science
    Pesticides are often detected in freshwater, but their impact on the aquatic environment is commonly studied based on single compounds, underestimating the potential additive effects of these mixtures. Even at low concentrations, pesticides can negatively affect organisms, altering important behaviors that can have repercussions at the population level. This study used a multi-behavioral approach to evaluate the effects of zebrafish larvae exposure to carbendazim (C), fipronil (F), and sulfentrazone (S), individually and mixed. Five behavioral tests, thigmotaxis, touch sensitivity, optomotor response, bouncing ball test, and larval exploratory behavior, were performed to assess potential effects on anxiety, fear, and spatial and social interaction. Significant changes were observed in the performance of larvae exposed to all compounds and their mixtures. Among the single pesticides, exposure to S produced the most behavioral alterations, followed by F and C, respectively. A synergistic effect between the compounds was observed in the C + F group, which showed more behavioral effects than the groups exposed to pesticides individually. The use of behavioral tests to evaluate pesticide mixtures is important to standardize methods and associate behavioral changes with ecologically relevant events, thus creating a more realistic scenario for investigating the potential environmental impacts of these compounds.