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Item Accurate and sensitive quantitation of glucose and glucose phosphates derived from storage carbohydrates by mass spectrometry(Elsevier, 2020-02-15) Young, Lyndsay E.A.; Brizzee, Corey O.; Macedo, Jessica K. A.; Murphy, Robert D.; Contreras, Christopher J.; DePaoli-Roach, Anna A.; Roach, Peter J.; Gentry, Matthew S.; Sun, Ramon C.; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of MedicineThe addition of phosphate groups into glycogen modulates its branching pattern and solubility which all impact its accessibility to glycogen interacting enzymes. As glycogen architecture modulates its metabolism, it is essential to accurately evaluate and quantify its phosphate content. Simultaneous direct quantitation of glucose and its phosphate esters requires an assay with high sensitivity and a robust dynamic range. Herein, we describe a highly-sensitive method for the accurate detection of both glycogen-derived glucose and glucose-phosphate esters utilizing gas-chromatography coupled mass spectrometry. Using this method, we observed higher glycogen levels in the liver compared to skeletal muscle, but skeletal muscle contained many more phosphate esters. Importantly, this method can detect femtomole levels of glucose and glucose phosphate esters within an extremely robust dynamic range with excellent accuracy and reproducibility. The method can also be easily adapted for the quantification of plant starch, amylopectin or other biopolymers.Item Indiana State Board of Health Monthly Bulletin, 1909 Vol. 11 No. 3(1909) Simonds, J. P.; Barnard, H. E.; Hopkins, W. D.; Welborn, James. Y.Item Indiana State Board of Health. Monthly Bulletin, 1907 Vol. 9 No. 11(11/1/1907) Barnard, H. E.Item Interactions of starch hydrolysis products with oral bacteria(1987) Glor, Elizabeth Anne BuehrerItem Starchy and fibrous feedstuffs differ in their in vitro digestibility and fermentation characteristics and differently modulate gut microbiota of swine(Springer, 2022-05-03) Tiwari, Utsav P.; Mandal, Rabindra K.; Neupane, Kabi Raj; Mishra, Birendra; Jha, Rajesh; Pediatrics, School of MedicineBackground Alternative feedstuffs may contribute to reducing feed costs of pig production. But these feedstuffs are typically rich in fiber and resistant starch (RS). Dietary fibers and RS are fermented in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and modulate the microbial community. Certain microbes in the GIT can promote host health, depending on the type of fermentation substrates available. In this study, six alternative feedstuffs (three starchy: Okinawan sweet potato, OSP; yam, and taro, and three fibrous: wheat millrun, WMR; barley brewers grain, BBG; and macadamia nut cake, MNC) were evaluated for their in vitro digestibility and fermentation characteristics and their effects on pig’s hindgut microbial profile. After 2 steps of enzymatic digestion assay, residues were fermented using fresh pig feces as microbial inoculum, and gas production was recorded periodically for 72 h and modeled for fermentation kinetics. After fermentation, the residual liquid phase was analyzed for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), and the solid phase was used to determine the nutrient’s digestibility and microbial community. Results In vitro ileal digestibility of dry matter and gross energy was higher in starchy than fibrous feedstuffs. Total gas and SCFA production were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in starchy feedstuffs than fibrous feedstuffs. Both acetate and propionate production was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in all starchy feedstuffs than BBG and MNC; WMR was in between. Overall alpha diversity was not significantly different within and between starchy and fibrous feedstuffs. Beta diversity (measured using bray Curtis dissimilarity distance) of starchy feedstuffs was significantly different (P < 0.005) than fibrous feedstuffs. Conclusion Starchy feedstuffs acted as a substrate to similar types of microbes, whereas fibrous feedstuffs resulted in a more diverse microbial population. Such alternative feedstuffs may exert comparable beneficial effects, thus may be included in swine diets to improve gut health.