Browsing by Subject "Specialized pro-resolving mediators"

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    Inflammation resolution and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in chronic rhinosinusitis
    (Taylor & Francis, 2023) Robinson, Peyton Z.; Frank, Daniel N.; Ramakrishnan, Vijay R.; Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine
    Introduction: In chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a complex pathophysiology results from varied pro-inflammatory stimuli but is consistently characterized by classic cellular, molecular, and microbial alterations. Normally, endogenous specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) actively promote resolution of inflammation through numerous pathways, including those involved in host antimicrobial defense. However, these pathways appear to be disrupted in CRS. Areas covered: This paper describes features of CRS in the context of chronic tissue inflammation, and potential mechanisms by which specialized pro-resolving mediators promote active resolution of tissue inflammation. Expert opinion: Temporal phases of resolution must be tightly regulated to successfully resolve inflammation in CRS while preserving tissue functions such as barrier maintenance and special sensory function. Dysregulation of SPM enzymatic pathways has been recently shown in CRS and is associated with disease phenotypes and microbial colonization patterns. Current research in animal models and in vitro human cell culture, as well as human dietary studies, demonstrate relevant changes in cell signaling with lipid mediator bioavailability. Further clinical research may provide insight into the therapeutic value of this approach in CRS.
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    Specialized pro-resolving mediator lipidome and 16S rRNA bacterial microbiome data associated with human chronic rhinosinusitis
    (Elsevier, 2021-04-01) Vickery, Thad W.; Armstrong, Michael; Kofonow, Jennifer M.; Robertson, Charles E.; Kroehl, Miranda E.; Reisdorph, Nichole A.; Ramakrishnan, Vijay R.; Frank, Daniel N.; Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine
    Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a clinical syndrome defined by symptoms including nasal congestion, facial pain and pressure, anosmia, and rhinorrhea lasting more than 12 weeks. Several mechanistically distinct processes lead to the development of clinical symptoms in CRS including innate immune dysfunction, dysregulated eicosanoid metabolism and perturbations in host-microbiome interactions [1]. We developed a database comprised of patient demographic information, lipid mediator metabolomic profiles, and 16S bacterial rRNA gene sequence data from 66 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. Briefly, ethmoid sinus tissue and middle meatal swabs were collected from patients, including non-CRS controls, CRS with polyps (CRSwNP), and CRS without polyps (CRSsNP). Lipid mediator pathways from arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) were analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Bacterial taxa were profiled in parallel by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This database provides a useful compendium of AA/DHA metabolomic profiles and associated bacterial microbiota in patients with varying disease subtypes, demographics, and risk factors/comorbidities.