Browsing by Subject "Social Perception"

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    Development and examination of the attribution questionnaire-substance use disorder (AQ-SUD) to measure public stigma towards adolescents experiencing substance use disorders
    (Elsevier, 2021-04) Johnson-Kwochka, Annalee; Aalsma, Matthew C.; Monahan, Patrick O.; Salyers, Michelle P.; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    BACKGROUND: Public stigma may significantly impact adolescents with substance use disorders (SUDs), leading to limited treatment accessibility and utilization. However, few measures have been validated to assess public SUD stigma towards adolescents. In this study we developed the Attribution Questionnaire-Substance Use Disorder (AQ-SUD) by modifying the Attribution Questionnaire, a commonly used measure of public mental illness stigma. We examined 1) the psychometric properties of the AQ-SUD with supporting data from other stigma scales and 2) preliminary data on adults' perceptions of public stigma toward adolescents with SUDs. METHODS: Adult participants (n = 304) were randomly assigned to one of four vignettes about an adolescent with a specific SUD diagnosis (opioid, marijuana, alcohol, and stimulant use disorders). Participants completed the AQ-SUD and three other measures of public stigma designed to assess convergent and divergent validity. RESULTS: Analyses indicated that the modified AQ-SUD has good psychometric properties, and revealed a four-factor structure: negative emotions, assessment of responsibility, social disengagement, and lack of empathy. Additional public stigma scales demonstrated good psychometrics and provided evidence of both convergent and divergent validity for the AQ-SUD. Preliminary analysis of public stigma towards adolescents with a SUD suggests that attitudes about marijuana use disorder differ significantly from attitudes about other SUDs. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to modify and validate a measure designed to assess perceptions of public SUD stigma towards adolescents, the AQ-SUD. Preliminary analyses suggest that adults view adolescent marijuana use disorders as less severe compared to other SUDs, which may have implications for adults' motivation to support youth in seeking treatment.
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    Metacognitive capacities for reflection in schizophrenia: implications for developing treatments
    (Oxford University Press, 2014-05) Lysaker, Paul H.; Dimaggio, Giancarlo; Department of Psychiatry, IU School of Medicine
    Models of schizophrenia, which focus exclusively on discrete symptoms and neurocognitive deficits, risk missing the possibility that a core feature of the disorder involves a reduced capacity to construct complex and integrated representations of self and others. This column details a new methodology that has been used to assess deficits in the metacognitive abilities that allow persons to form complex ideas about themselves and others and to use that knowledge to respond to psychosocial challenges in schizophrenia. Evidence is summarized supporting the reliability and validity of this method, as well as links this work has revealed between metacognition and psychosocial outcomes. It is suggested that this work points to the need to develop interventions which move beyond addressing symptoms and specific skills, and assist persons to recapture lost or atrophied metacognitive capacity and so form the kind of ideas about themselves and others needed, to move meaningfully toward recovery.