Browsing by Subject "Social Capital"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    Are social organizational factors independently associated with a current bacterial sexually transmitted infection among urban adolescents and young adults?
    (Elsevier, 2014-10) Jennings, Jacky M.; Hensel, Devon J.; Tanner, Amanda E.; Reilly, Meredith L.; Ellen, Jonathan M.; Department of Pediatrics, IU School of Medicine
    This study explored the relationship between the social organization of neighborhoods including informal social control and social cohesion and a current bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) among adolescents and young adults in one U.S. urban setting. Data for the current study were collected from April 2004 to April 2007 in a cross-sectional household study. The target population included English-speaking, sexually-active persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years who resided in 486 neighborhoods. The study sample included 599 participants from 63 neighborhoods. A current bacterial STI was defined as diagnosis of a chlamydia and/or gonorrhea infection at the time of study participation. Participants reported on informal social control (i.e. scale comprised of 9 items) and social cohesion (i.e. scale comprised of 5 items) in their neighborhood. In a series of weighted multilevel logistic regression models stratified by gender, greater informal social control was significantly associated with a decreased odds of a current bacterial STI among females (AOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.34, 0.84) after controlling for individual social support and other factors. The association, while in a similar direction, was not significant for males (AOR 0.73, 95% CI 0.48, 1.12). Social cohesion was not significantly associated with a current bacterial STI among females (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.61, 1.19) and separately, males (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.67, 1.44). Greater individual social support was associated with an almost seven-fold increase in the odds of a bacterial STI among males (AOR 6.85, 95% CI 1.99, 23.53), a finding which is in contrast to our hypotheses. The findings suggest that neighborhood social organizational factors such as informal social control have an independent relationship with sexual health among U.S. urban youth. The causality of the relationship remains to be determined.
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    Community and Art
    (2021-05) Haymaker, Shawn; Misluk, Eileen
    Community may hold different meanings to different people and situations, which may or may not be bound by physical space. Community is not well defined and is especially difficult to define in literacy research. It was hypothesized the definition of community would include similarities on a broader scale, although there may be differences that reflect diverse cultural traits on a smaller scale. This study was a parallel mixed methods research study that utilized a systematic literature review and a convenient survey design aimed to understand how community-based providers define the term “community” within their work. Connection, support, commonality, were among the highest mentioned when asked in the survey, “what does community mean to you?” Listening, dialogue, and communication were important key elements when asked, “what makes community thrive?” The survey results indicated sense of belonging and bonding of like minds were the most important aspects of community, as well as, connection, support, and common values, ideals and traits were important factors in defining community. A guideline for clinicians was provided as they define community in their work across the world, cultures, and ethnicities.
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    Creating Self-Awareness Of Learning That Occurs In Community
    (Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education, 2003) Imel, Susan; Stein, David
    Learning that occurs in naturally forming communities can be more effective if those who engage in such groups are aware of it. Adult education practitioners who work with groups have an opportunity to assist group participants realize that learning occurs through engagement with issues of importance to them. Adults may consider learning to be knowledge acquisition, but the concept of social capital can be used to help them realize another level of learning. The purpose of this paper is to raise awareness among adult education practitioners about a potential role in furthering learning that occurs in naturally forming groups.
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    Creating Social Capital Though The Deliberative Discussion: A Case Study Of Community Dialogue.
    (Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education, 2004) Stein, David; Imel, Susan; Henderson, Thyrone
    When citizens come together to inquire about issues that matter to the community, learning may occur in these temporary learning communities. Active engagement with issues of social and political importance may increase the adult’s sense of commitment to action and further the development of a community’s social capital. Using a social capital development framework, this case describes one community’s attempt to promote and encourage citizens to engage in deliberative discussion. The case also highlights one citizen’s struggle to link discourse with community action.
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    Dimensions of Colombian Philanthropy: How Giving is Linked to Social Capital
    (2012-06-20) Mendenhall, Susan Elizabeth; Burlingame, Dwight; Huehls, Frances A.; Thomson, Ann Marie, 1954-
    In recent years, social capital has emerged at the forefront of comparative research in the areas of philanthropy, community development and international aid. The predominant body of research has been conducted in the United States, Netherlands, and other Northern/Western contexts. From this body of knowledge, the academic community has begun to tease out how philanthropic traditions arise within and adapt to a given cultural context. Stemming from the assertions of Fukuyama, Putnam and Banfield, a theory has emerged that high levels of social capital is connected to high levels of philanthropic support (money and time), and low levels of social capital is connected to low levels of philanthropic support. This is to be expected since, theoretically, in cultures with less trust and civic behavior, there is a higher cost to giving and volunteering, and therefore people give less. Research conducted in American and Dutch communities suggests that a high level of philanthropic behavior is expected to be found in places where people share a high level of social capital (Putnam, 2000); that individuals who have more social capital in terms of access to social networks are more likely to be charitable (Brooks, 2005; Brown and Ferris, 2007); that a donor’s perception that a nonprofit organization is trustworthy affects his or her decision to give (Bekkers, 2003); and that an individual’s participation in different types of civic networks relies on varying levels of social trust (Uslaner, 2002). Colombia offers an interesting case study of the interplay between social capital and philanthropy because much is known about the Colombian citizenry’s propensity to trust and associate. Additionally, the incredible growth of nonprofits in Colombia and Latin America since the early 1990s has spurred an increase in qualitative research surrounding Latin American philanthropy.
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    Institutional Ethnography: A Tool For Merging Research And Practice
    (Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education, 2003) Wright, Ursula T.
    Institutional ethnography draws from ethnomethodology focusing on how everyday experience is socially organized. Power is critically important as an analytic focus which crosses boundaries providing researchers a view of social organization that illuminates practices that marginalize.
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    An Interactive Approach To Economic Development Among African American Former Welfare Recipients: Shattering The Myth Of The Work-First Approach
    (Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education, 2003) Alfred, Mary V.
    This study explored the experiences of African American women as they transition from welfare to work and the barriers and challenges that impede their move to a position of economic selfsufficiency. The study found three systems of barriers to impede the women's progress. These include W-2 systems barriers, workplace barriers, and personal barriers. Removing the barriers must first be addressed before families can become self-sufficient.
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    Public Libraries and Social Capital in Three New York City Neighborhoods
    (© 2008 by the Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG. The definitive version of this article is available at [LINK]http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9663.2008.00440.x/abstract [/LINK].[BREAK] Access to the original article may require subscription and authorized logon ID/password.IUPUI faculty/staff/students please check University Library resources before purchasing an article. Questions on finding the original article via our databases? Ask a librarian: [LINK] http://www.ulib.iupui.edu/research/askalibrarian[/LINK]., 2008) Gong, Hongmian; Copeland, Andrea J.; Chen, Cynthia
    This study uses the social capital concept to explain geographical variation in public library use. Applying Putnam's social capital theory, we examine how social capital in three New York City neighbourhoods affects usage of local branch libraries. A survey was conducted to understand differences in public library use and social capital in the neighbourhoods. Diversity and segregation indices were included as additional measures of social capital. The study found that neighbourhoods with higher levels of social capital, especially bridging social capital, tend to have higher public library use.