Browsing by Subject "Sleep duration"
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Item A National Survey of U.S. Adolescent Sleep Duration, Timing, and Social Jetlag During the COVID-19 Pandemic(Taylor & Francis, 2023) Wesley, Katherine L.; Cooper, Emily H.; Brinton, John T.; Meier, Maxene; Honaker, Sarah; Simon, Stacey L.; Pediatrics, School of MedicineObjectives: To assess changes in duration, timing, and social jetlag in adolescent sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluate the impact of mood, physical activity, and social interactions on sleep. Study design: An online survey queried adolescents' sleep before (through retrospective report) and during the initial phase of COVID-19 in May 2020. Adolescents (N = 3,494), 13-19 years old, in the United States (U.S.) answered questions about their current and retrospective (prior to COVID-19) sleep, chronotype, mood, and physical and social activities. Linear regression models were fit for time in bed, reported bed and wake times, and social jetlag during COVID-19, accounting for pre-COVID-19 values. Results: Total reported time in bed (a proxy for sleep duration) increased on weekdays by an average of 1.3 ± 1.8 hours (p < .001) during COVID-19, compared to retrospective report of time in bed prior to COVID-19. During COVID-19, 81.3% of adolescents reported spending 8 hours or more in bed on weekdays compared to only 53.5% prior to COVID-19. On weekdays, bedtimes were delayed on average by 2.5 hours and wake times by 3.8 hours during COVID-19 compared to prior to COVID-19. On weekends, bedtimes were delayed on average by 1.6 hours and waketimes by 1.5 hours (all p's < 0.001). Social jetlag of >2 hours decreased to 6.3% during COVID-19 compared to 52.1% prior to COVID-19. Anxiety and depression symptoms and a decline in physical activity during COVID-19 were associated with delayed bed and wake times during COVID-19. Conclusions: During COVID-19, adolescents reported spending more time in bed, with most adolescents reporting 8 hours of sleep opportunity and more consistent sleep schedules. As schools return to in-person learning, additional research should examine how sleep schedules may change due to school start times and what lessons can be learned from changes that occurred during COVID-19 that promote favorable adolescent sleep.Item Association of magnesium intake with sleep duration and sleep quality: findings from the CARDIA study(Oxford University Press, 2022) Zhang, Yijia; Chen, Cheng; Lu, Liping; Knutson, Kristen L.; Carnethon, Mercedes R.; Fly, Alyce D.; Luo, Juhua; Haas, David M.; Shikany, James M.; Kahe, Ka; Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of MedicineStudy objectives: As an antagonist of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) has been implicated in the regulation of sleep. We aimed to examine the longitudinal associations of Mg intake and Ca-to-Mg intake ratio (Ca:Mg) with sleep quality and duration. Methods: The study sample consisted of 3,964 participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Dietary and supplementary intake of Mg were obtained using the CARDIA Dietary History at baseline (1985-1986), exam years 7 and 20. Self-reported sleep outcomes were measured at years 15 and 20. Sleep quality was rating from 1 (very good) to 5 (very bad). We categorized sleep duration to <7, 7-9, and >9 h. Generalized estimating equation was used to examine the associations of interest as repeated measures at the two time points. Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, Mg intake was borderline associated with better sleep quality [highest quartile (Q4) vs. intake quartile (Q1): odds ratio (OR) = 1.23; 95% CI = 0.999, 1.50, ptrend = 0.051]. Participants in Q4 were also less likely to have short sleep (<7 h) compared to those in Q1 (OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.51, 0.81, ptrend = 0.012). The observed association with short sleep persisted among participants without depressive disorders (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.49, 0.82, ptrend < 0.001), but not among individuals with depressive disorder. Ca:Mg was not associated with either outcomes, regardless of depression status. Conclusions: Mg intake was associated with both sleep outcomes in this longitudinal analysis. Randomized controlled trials with objective measures of sleep are warranted to establish the potential causal inference.Item Associations of objectively measured and self-reported sleep duration with carotid artery intima media thickness among police officers(Wiley, 2013-11) Ma, Claudia C.; Burchfiel, Cecil M.; Charles, Luenda E.; Dorn, Joan M.; Andrew, Michael E.; Kook Gu, Ja; Joseph, Parveen Nedra; Fekedulegn, Desta; Slaven, James E.; Hartley, Tara A.; Mnatsakanova, Anna; Violanti, John M.; Biostatistics, School of MedicineBACKGROUND: We aimed to examine the association of objectively measured and self-reported sleep duration with carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) among 257 police officers, a group at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS: Sleep duration was estimated using actigraphic data and through self-reports. The mean maximum IMT was the average of the largest 12 values scanned bilaterally from three angles of the near and far wall of the common carotid, bulb, and internal carotid artery. Linear and quadratic regression models were used to assess the association of sleep duration with IMT. RESULTS: Officers who had fewer than 5 or 8 hr or more of objectively measured sleep duration had significantly higher maximum IMT values, independent of age. Self-reported sleep duration was not associated with either IMT measure. CONCLUSION: Attainment of sufficient sleep duration may be considered as a possible strategy for atherosclerosis prevention among police officers.Item Childhood Bully Victimization and Adverse Life Outcomes(2023-10) Adhikary, Satabdi; Tennekoon, Vidhura; Royalty, Anne; Morrison, Gwendolyn; Ottoni-Wilhelm, Mark; Xu, HuipingBullying is widely prevalent in the US. Although anti-bullying laws have been implemented across the country since 1999, bullying prevalence rates remain high. Research suggests that being a bully or a bully victim or both makes an individual more likely to experience worse physical, mental, and financial health. This dissertation comprises of three essays examining the adverse effects of bully victimization on life outcomes. The first essay examines, using Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) data, how being a victim of bullying affects sleep hours of an individual over the years. Results suggest that being a bully victim during teenage years reduces sleep hours, both contemporaneously and during early adulthood. The second essay uses the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) data to examine how repeated bully victimization experiences in childhood and teenage years affect future labor market outcomes. A standard Mincer wage equation is used in a Heckman selection model and Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW) model to derive the estimates. Results indicate that being repeatedly bullied in teenage years reduces future earnings, mainly through reduced wage rates. The third essay, using NLSY97, looks at the effect of repeated bully victimization on wealth accumulation during early adult ages in difference-in-difference type framework. Measures of wealth accumulation include net household worth and its components, financial and non-financial assets, and financial debt at 20, 25, 30 and 35 years of age. Results indicate that the bully victims accumulate fewer net assets during the ages 20-35 than their non-victimized counterparts.Item Effect of changes in children's bedtime and sleep period on targeted eating behaviors and timing of caloric intake(Elsevier, 2022) Hart, Chantelle N.; Spaeth, Andrea M.; Egleston, Brian L.; Carskadon, Mary A.; Raynor, Hollie A.; Jelalian, Elissa; Owens, Judith A.; Considine, Robert V.; Wing, Rena R.; Medicine, School of MedicineShort sleep is associated with obesity risk. Experimental studies with adults and observational studies with children demonstrate that changes in eating, including increased caloric intake from energy-dense foods and sugar-sweetened beverages as well as increased caloric intake in the evening, may partially account for this increased risk. We therefore examined whether experimental changes in children’s sleep period lead to changes in reported caloric intake from energy-dense snack foods and sugar-sweetened beverages, and in the evening. Thirty-seven children, 8–11 years old, completed a three-week study that used a within-subject randomized cross-over design. Children slept their typical amount for one week and were subsequently randomized to either increase or decrease their typical amount by 1.5 hours/night for one week; the alternate schedule was completed during the third week of the study, creating a 3-hour time in bed difference between the increase and decrease conditions. Sleep was monitored with actigraphy, and dietary intake was assessed with 24-hour dietary recalls. Participants reported consuming 35 calories per day more from sugar-sweetened beverages during the decrease sleep than the increase sleep condition, p = .033. There were no reported differences between conditions from energy-dense snack foods. Although no differences in reported intake were observed earlier in the day, from 2000 h (8:00PM) and later, children reported consuming 132 calories more during the decrease sleep condition than the increase condition, p < 0.001. Shortened sleep achieved by delaying bedtimes led to increased caloric intake in the evening and from sugar-sweetened beverages.Item Objectively measured short sleep duration and later sleep midpoint in pregnancy are associated with a higher risk of gestational diabetes(Elsevier, 2017-10) Facco, Francesca L.; Grobman, William A.; Reid, Kathryn J.; Parker, Corette B.; Hunter, Shannon M.; Silver, Robert M.; Basner, Robert C.; Saade, George R.; Pien, Grace W.; Manchanda, Shalini; Louis, Judette M.; Nhan-Chang, Chia-Ling; Chung, Judith H.; Wing, Deborah A.; Simhan, Hyagriv N.; Haas, David M.; Iams, Jay; Parry, Samuel; Zee, Phyllis C.; Medicine, School of MedicineBACKGROUND: Experimental and epidemiologic data suggest that among nonpregnant adults, sleep duration may be an important risk factor for chronic disease. Although pregnant women commonly report poor sleep, few studies objectively evaluated the quality of sleep in pregnancy or explored the relationship between sleep disturbances and maternal and perinatal outcomes. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to examine the relationship between objectively assessed sleep duration, timing, and continuity (measured via wrist actigraphy) and maternal cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity specific to pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective cohort study of nulliparous women. Women were recruited between 16 0/7 and 21 6/7 weeks' gestation. They were asked to wear a wrist actigraphy monitor and complete a daily sleep log for a period of 7 consecutive days. The primary sleep exposure variables were the averages of the following over the total valid nights (minimum 5, maximum 7 nights): short sleep duration during the primary sleep period (<7 h/night), late sleep midpoint (midpoint between sleep onset and sleep offset >5 am), and top quartile of minutes of wake time after sleep onset and sleep fragmentation index. The primary outcomes of interest were a composite of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (mild, severe, or superimposed preeclampsia; eclampsia; or antepartum gestational hypertension) and gestational diabetes mellitus. We used χ2 tests to assess associations between sleep variables and categorical baseline characteristics. Crude odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated from univariate logistic regression models to characterize the magnitude of the relationship between sleep characteristics and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes. For associations significant in univariate analysis, multiple logistic regression was used to explore further the association of sleep characteristics with pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: In all, 901 eligible women consented to participate; 782 submitted valid actigraphy studies. Short sleep duration and a later sleep midpoint were associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes (odds ratio, 2.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-4.53; and odds ratio, 2.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-5.36, respectively) but not of hypertensive disorders. A model with both sleep duration and sleep midpoint as well as their interaction term revealed that while there was no significant interaction between these exposures, the main effects of both short sleep duration and later sleep midpoint with gestational diabetes remained significant (adjusted odds ratio, 2.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-4.19; and adjusted odds ratio, 2.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-4.97, respectively). Additionally, after adjusting separately for age, body mass index, and race/ethnicity, both short sleep duration and later sleep midpoint remained associated with gestational diabetes. No associations were demonstrated between the sleep quality measures (wake after sleep onset, sleep fragmentation) and hypertensive disorders or gestational diabetes. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate a relationship between short sleep duration and later sleep midpoint with gestational diabetes. Our data suggest independent contributions of these 2 sleep characteristics to the risk for gestational diabetes in nulliparous women.Item Poor Sleep and Obesity: Concurrent Epidemics in Adolescent Youth(Frontiers Media, 2018-07-10) Gohil, Anisha; Hannon, Tamara S.; Pediatrics, School of MedicinePoor sleep and obesity are both extraordinarily common in the US adolescent population and often occur simultaneously. This review explores the links between obesity and sleep, outlining what is known about the relationships between sleep characteristics, obesity, and cardiometabolic risk factors in youth. Sleep duration is less than optimal in teens, and decreases as age increases. This is detrimental to overall well-being and is associated with obesity in children, adolescents, and young adults. Accordingly, inadequate sleep duration is associated with poor diet quality, decreased insulin sensitivity, hyperglycemia, and prevalent cardiometabolic risk factors. Evidence suggests that poor sleep quality and altered circadian timing characterized by a preferred later sleep onset, known as "adolescent chronotype," contributes to shortened sleep duration. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs more frequently among youth with obesity, and is associated with autonomic nervous system activity promoting higher blood pressure, increased markers of cardiovascular disease risk, and insulin resistance. While there is a clear association between OSA and type 2 diabetes in adults, whether or not this association is prevalent in youth is unclear at this time. Interventions to improve both sleep duration and quality, and obesity in adolescents are scarce and more evidence is needed to determine if such interventions can improve obesity-related health outcomesItem Sleep During Pregnancy: The nuMoM2b Pregnancy and Sleep Duration and Continuity Study(Oxford University Press, 2017-05-01) Reid, Kathryn J.; Facco, Francesca L.; Grobman, William A.; Parker, Corette B.; Herbas, Marcos; Hunter, Shannon; Silver, Robert M.; Basner, Robert C.; Saade, George R.; Pien, Grace W.; Manchanda, Shalini; Louis, Judette M.; Nhan-Chang, Chia-Lang; Chung, Judith H.; Wing, Deborah A.; Simhan, Hyagriv N.; Haas, David M.; Iams, Jay; Parry, Samuel; Zee, Phyllis C.; Medicine, School of MedicineStudy Objectives: To characterize sleep duration, timing and continuity measures in pregnancy and their association with key demographic variables. Methods: Multisite prospective cohort study. Women enrolled in the nuMoM2b study (nulliparous women with a singleton gestation) were recruited at the second study visit (16-21 weeks of gestation) to participate in the Sleep Duration and Continuity substudy. Women <18 years of age or with pregestational diabetes or chronic hypertension were excluded from participation. Women wore a wrist activity monitor and completed a sleep log for 7 consecutive days. Time in bed, sleep duration, fragmentation index, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, and sleep midpoint were averaged across valid primary sleep periods for each participant. Results: Valid data were available from 782 women with mean age of 27.3 (5.5) years. Median sleep duration was 7.4 hours. Approximately 27.9% of women had a sleep duration of <7 hours; 2.6% had a sleep duration of >9 hours. In multivariable models including age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, insurance status, and recent smoking history, sleep duration was significantly associated with race/ethnicity and insurance status, while time in bed was only associated with insurance status. Sleep continuity measures and sleep midpoint were significantly associated with all covariates in the model, with the exception of age for fragmentation index and smoking for wake after sleep onset. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the relationship between sleep and important demographic characteristics during pregnancy.