Browsing by Subject "Sleep Quality"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Establishing OT’s Role in Addressing Sleep Disturbances for Autistic Children: A Rapid Systematic Review
    (2024-04-25) Arnold, Logan; Bacon, Veronica; Conn, Sydney; Cowgur, Chloe; Metaxas, Nina; Mehringer, Jadon; Chase, Anthony; Lee, Chang Dae; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences
    This rapid systematic review examined the relationship between various interventions and sleep measures for autistic children and adolescents. Establishing this link can aid occupational therapists in understanding how to select and apply established interventions to practice. A variety of interventions were found within current literature to treat sleep disturbances including melatonin, non-melatonin pharmaceuticals, physical activity, behavioral and educational sleep hygiene, and sensory based interventions. The results indicated that all but the non-pharmaceutical interventions consistently yielded beneficial outcomes in decreasing sleep problems in the autistic children. However, these positive outcomes were briefly sustained once the studies ended. These findings suggest there is a trend within literature that sleep interventions have limitations when attempting to apply them to real-life cases. This dynamic highlights a gap between evidence-based outcomes that may improve sleep deficits in autistic children and the ability for these outcomes to be implemented in family’s homes. Occupational therapists have the potential to fill the gap and provide translational care to assist families in establishing routines backed by evidence. By improving sleep quality in this population, these guided interventions have the potential to improve the overall well-being and life satisfaction of children and their families.
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    Examining the Relationship Between Callings and Employee Well-being
    (2022-05) Lukjan, Kristyn; Andel, Stephanie; Stockdale, Peggy; Porter, Christopher
    Although the occupational callings literature has largely focused on positive outcomes of living a calling, there are some emerging findings that suggest that callings may have a “negative” side as well. Drawing upon past studies within the callings literature, as well as upon theoretical perspectives such as self-regulation theory, identity theory, and the Effort-Recovery model, I tested a theoretical model to examine psychological detachment as a mechanism that accounts for the relationship between living a calling (also referred to as one’s calling intensity) and two well-being outcomes: sleep quality and burnout. Further, I built on previous work in the callings literature by examining the moderating impact of two individual differences (trait mindfulness, perfectionism) on the relationship between calling intensity and psychological detachment. Study hypotheses were tested using a two-wave study design with 358 emergency medical professionals. Results revealed that for called emergency medical professionals, trait mindfulness strengthened the negative relationship between calling intensity and psychological detachment, which had downstream negative effects on sleep quality. In addition, one facet of perfectionism, namely perfectionistic strivings, exacerbated the negative indirect effect of calling intensity on sleep quality via psychological detachment. Ultimately, this study contributed to the occupational callings literature by examining the impact of differential levels of trait mindfulness and perfectionism on employee well-being. Implications for enhancing employee well-being are discussed.
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    Hypnosis Intervention for Sleep Disturbance: Determination of Optimal Dose and Method of Delivery for Postmenopausal Women
    (T&F, 2021) Elkins, Gary; Otte, Julie; Carpenter, Janet S.; Roberts, Lynae; Jackson, Lea' S.; Kekecs, Zoltan; Patterson, Vicki; Keith, Timothy Z.; School of Nursing
    Sleep disturbances are a pervasive problem among postmenopausal women, with an estimated 40 to 64% reporting poor sleep. Hypnosis is a promising intervention for sleep disturbances. This study examined optimal dose and delivery for a manualized hypnosis intervention to improve sleep. Ninety postmenopausal women with poor sleep were randomized to 1 of 4 interventions: 5 in-person, 3 in-person, 5 phone, or 3 phone contacts. All received hypnosis audio recordings, with instructions for daily practice for 5 weeks. Feasibility measures included treatment satisfaction ratings and practice adherence. Sleep outcomes were sleep quality, objective and subjective duration, and bothersomeness of poor sleep. Results showed high treatment satisfaction, adherence, and clinically meaningful (≥ 0.5 SD) sleep improvement for all groups. Sleep quality significantly improved, p < .05, η2 = .70, with no significant differences between groups, with similar results for the other sleep outcomes across all treatment arms. Comparable results between phone and in-person groups suggest that a unique “dose” and delivery strategy is highly feasible and can have clinically meaningful impact. This study provides pilot evidence that an innovative hypnosis intervention for sleep (5 phone contacts with home practice) reduces the burden on participants while achieving maximum treatment benefit.