Browsing by Subject "Self-report"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Bifactor Structure of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire Across the Schizotypy Spectrum
    (Guilford Press, 2021-08) Moussa-Tooks, Alexandra B.; Bailey, Allen J.; Bolbecker, Amanda R.; Viken, Richard J.; O’Donnell, Brian F.; Hetrick, William P.; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Despite widespread use in schizophrenia-spectrum research, uncertainty remains around an empirically supported and theoretically meaningful factor structure of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Current identified structures are limited by reliance on exclusively nonclinical samples. The current study compared factor structures of the SPQ in a sample of 335 nonpsychiatric individuals, 292 schizotypy-spectrum individuals (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or schizotypal personality disorder), and the combined group (N = 627). Unidimensional, correlated, and hierarchical models were assessed in addition to a bifactor model, wherein subscales load simultaneously onto a general factor and a specific factor. The best-fitting model across samples was a two-specific factor bifactor model, consistent with the nine symptom dimensions of schizotypy as primarily a direct manifestation of a unitary construct. Such findings, for the first time demonstrated in a clinical sample, have broad implications for transdiagnostic approaches, including reifying schizotypy as a construct underlying diverse manifestations of phenomenology across a wide range of severity.
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    Empowering At-Risk Youth Through Open Studio: Developing an Evaluation Tool to Assess Empowerment
    (2017) Holdren, Erica; Misluk, Eileen; King, Juliet
    An integrative literature review was used to understand how an open studio approach in art therapy is used with at-risk youth to increase empowerment. The following concepts were explored: risk and protective factors in adolescence, open studio approach in art therapy, psychological empowerment, and self-reporting evaluation tools. Risk and protective factors include family and peer dynamics, educational opportunities, and communication skills. These factors are influential in the development of empowerment. Empowerment is defined as having control over one’s life, the ability to identify needs and resources, and the ability to take action. The open studio approach in art therapy supported adolescents by providing them a space to engage in creative experiences that work to build a sense of empowerment. The researcher further synthesized this data to design an evaluation tool to assess how at-risk youth are empowered by participating in the open studio approach to art therapy. The evaluation tool for at-risk adolescents can be used as a guide for therapists to address the protective factors of empowerment and the effectiveness of the open studio approach. This tool can be used as a means to gain the necessary data to demonstrate the efficacy of a studio based approach in art therapy for empowering at-risk youth.
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    Self-Reported Dental Caries by Mexican Elementary and Middle-School Schoolchildren in the Context of Socioeconomic Indicators: A National Ecological Study
    (MDPI, 2021) Casanova-Rosado, Juan Fernando; Casanova-Rosado, Alejandro Jose; Minaya-Sanchez, Mirna; Casanova-Sarmineto, Juan Alejandro; Robles-Minaya, Jose Luis; Marquez-Rodriguez, Sonia; Mora-Acosta, Mariana; Islas-Zarazua, Rosalina; Marquez-Corona, Maria de Lourdes; Avila-Burgos, Leticia; Medina-Solis, Carlo Eduardo; Maupome, Gerardo
    The objective of the present research was to quantify the association between dental caries self-report and socioeconomic indicators in Mexican children. An ecological study included a self-report of dental caries in schoolchildren enrolled in public elementary and middle schools derived from the National School Health Survey. A total of 73,560 schoolchildren (representing 19,745,366 students) aged 5 to 16 years were included. Socioeconomic variables included were scales depicting physical characteristics of housing, purchasing power, etc. used in national surveys in Mexico to measure deprivation, poverty, and income inequality in official data. Data were analyzed in Stata using Spearman’s correlation test. For the most part, no association (p > 0.05) was found between caries self-report, socioeconomic variables, or the Gini index. However, caries self-report in elementary schoolchildren and total (elementary + middle-school) schoolchildren groups was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with two poverty variables: extreme poverty by income (value of personal food purchases per month) and poverty by income (value of personal food and non-food purchases per month). National data for dental caries self-report were associated—at the ecological level—with a few socioeconomic indicators but not with most of the usual and customary indicators used in national surveys in Mexico.
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    The Sensory Gating Inventory-Brief
    (Oxford University Press, 2021-06-01) Bailey, Allen J.; Moussa-Tooks, Alexandra B.; Klein, Samuel D.; Sponheim, Scott R.; Hetrick, William P.; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    The Sensory Gating Inventory (SGI) is a 36-item measure used to assess an individual’s subjective ability to modulate, filter, over-include, discriminate, attend to, and tolerate sensory stimuli. Due to its theoretical and empirical link with sensory processing deficits, this measure has been used extensively in studies of psychosis and other psychopathology. The current work fills a need within the field for a briefer measure of sensory gating aberrations that maintains the original measure’s utility. For this purpose, large samples (total n = 1552) were recruited from 2 independent sites for item reduction/selection and brief measure validation, respectively. These samples reflected subgroups of individuals with a psychosis-spectrum disorder, at high risk for a psychosis-spectrum disorder, nonpsychiatric controls, and nonpsychosis psychiatric controls. Factor analyses and item-response models were used to create the SGI-Brief (SGI-B; 10 Likert-rated items), a unidimensional self-report measure that retains the original SGI’s transdiagnostic (ie, present across disorders) utility and content breadth. Findings show that the SGI-B has excellent psychometric properties (alpha = 0.92) and demonstrates external validity through strong associations with measures of psychotic symptomatology, theoretically linked measures of personality (eg, perceptual dysregulation), and modest associations with laboratory-based sensory processing tasks in the auditory and visual domains on par with the original version. Accordingly, the SGI-B will be a valuable tool for dimensional and transdiagnostic examination of sensory gating abnormalities within clinical science research, while reducing administrator and participant burden.
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    Validity of self-reported history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection
    (Elsevier, 2017-04) Frisse, Ann C.; Marrazzo, Jeanne M.; Tutlam, Nhial T.; Schreiber, Courtney A.; Teal, Stephanie B.; Turok, David K.; Peipert, Jeffrey F.; Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine
    BACKGROUND: Chlamydia trachomatis infection is common and largely asymptomatic in women. If untreated, it can lead to sequelae such as pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. It is unknown whether a patient's self-reported history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection is a valid marker of past infection. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the validity of women's self-reported history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection compared with Chlamydia trachomatis serology, a marker for previous infection. STUDY DESIGN: We analyzed data from the Fertility After Contraception Termination study. We compared participants' survey responses with the question, "Have you ever been told by a health care provider that you had Chlamydia?" to serological test results indicating the presence or absence of antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis as assessed by a microimmunofluorescence assay. Prevalence of past infection, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios were calculated. The Cohen's kappa statistic was computed to assess agreement between self-report and serology. RESULTS: Among 409 participants, 108 (26%) reported having a history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection, whereas 146 (36%) had positive serological test results. Relative to positive microimmunofluorescence assay, the sensitivity and specificity of self-reported history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection were 52.1% (95% confidence interval, 43.6-60.4%) and 87.8% (95% confidence interval, 83.3-91.5%), respectively. The positive predictive value of the self-report was 70.4% (95% confidence interval, 60.8-78.8%), and the negative predictive value was 76.7% (95% confidence interval, 71.6-81.4%). The likelihood ratio was found to be 4.28. Agreement between self-report and serology was found to be moderate (kappa = 0.42, P < .001). CONCLUSION: Self-reported history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection commonly yields false-negative and false-positive results. When definitive status of past Chlamydia trachomatis infection is needed, serology should be obtained.