Browsing by Subject "Self-esteem"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Meta-Analytic Use of Balanced Identity Theory to Validate the Implicit Association Test
    (Sage, 2021) Cvencek, Dario; Meltzoff, Andrew N.; Maddox, Craig D.; Nosek, Brian A.; Rudman, Laurie A.; Devos, Thierry; Dunham, Yarrow; Baron, Andrew S.; Steffens, Melanie C.; Lane, Kristin; Horcajo, Javier; Ashburn-Nardo, Leslie; Quinby, Amanda; Srivastava, Sameer B.; Schmidt, Kathleen; Aidman, Eugene; Tang, Emilie; Farnham, Shelly; Mellott, Deborah S.; Banaji, Mahzarin R.; Greenwald, Anthony G.; Psychology, School of Science
    This meta-analysis evaluated theoretical predictions from balanced identity theory (BIT) and evaluated the validity of zero points of Implicit Association Test (IAT) and self-report measures used to test these predictions. Twenty-one researchers contributed individual subject data from 36 experiments (total N = 12,773) that used both explicit and implicit measures of the social-cognitive constructs. The meta-analysis confirmed predictions of BIT's balance-congruity principle and simultaneously validated interpretation of the IAT's zero point as indicating absence of preference between two attitude objects. Statistical power afforded by the sample size enabled the first confirmations of balance-congruity predictions with self-report measures. Beyond these empirical results, the meta-analysis introduced a within-study statistical test of the balance-congruity principle, finding that it had greater efficiency than the previous best method. The meta-analysis's full data set has been publicly archived to enable further studies of interrelations among attitudes, stereotypes, and identities.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Pathway of protection: Ethnic identity, self-esteem, and substance use among multiracial youth
    (Elsevier, 2017-09) Fisher, Sycarah; Zapolski, Tamika C. B.; Sheehan, Chelsea; Barnes-Najor, Jessica; Psychology, School of Science
    Fifty percent of adolescents have tried an illicit drug and 70% have tried alcohol by the end of high school, with even higher rates among multiracial youth. Ethnic identity is a protective factor against substance use for minority groups. However, little is known about the mechanisms that facilitate its protective effects, and even less is known about this relationship for multiracial youth. The purpose of the present study was to examine the protective effect of ethnic identity on substance use and to determine whether this relationship operated indirectly through self-esteem, a strong predictor of substance use for among adolescent populations. Participants included 468 multiracial youth in grades six through 12 (53% female). The results found that ethnic identity was indeed related to substance use, partially through changes in self-esteem. Findings from this study contribute to our understanding and development of models of risk and protection for an understudied population.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Sexuality and intimacy among people living with serious mental illnesses: Factors contributing to sexual activity
    (American Psychological Association, 2015-09) Bonfils, Kelsey A.; Firmin, Ruth L.; Salyers, Michelle P.; Wright, Eric R.; Department of Psychology, School of Science
    OBJECTIVE: Limited research has focused on sexuality for those diagnosed with a severe mental illness. We aimed to extend existing work by exploring relationships between mastery (perception of control of one's life and future), sexual self-esteem (perceptions of one's capacity to engage in healthy sexual behavior), sexual attitudes (permissive ideas about sexuality), and perceived importance of relationships/sexuality and number of sexual partners. METHOD: A secondary analysis of survey data from adult participants living with a severe mental illness (N = 401) in the Indiana Mental Health Services and HIV-Risk Study (Perry & Wright, 2006) was conducted. Analysis of covariance (controlling for marital status) compared those with 0 partners, 1 partner, or multiple partners over the past 3 months on the dependent variables of mastery, sexual self-esteem, sexual attitudes, and perceived importance. RESULTS: Participants with more permissive attitudes, greater perceived importance, and higher mastery were more likely to be sexually active with multiple partners. Self-esteem did not differentiate groups. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Given the key role of sexual satisfaction in quality of life and the high rates of sexual risk behavior in this population, it is important that clinicians systematically assess mastery, perceived importance, and attitudes about sexuality when working with consumers diagnosed with a severe mental illness. Individually tailoring existing interventions on the basis of consumers' levels of mastery, related to self-efficacy for implementing changes in life, could improve long-term outcomes for these programs. Future research should examine other constructs that may account for more variance in sexual activity, such as perceptions of risk, intentions for sexual safety, or romantic relationship functioning.