Browsing by Subject "Seizure"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Abnormal Cardiac Repolarization After Seizure Episodes in Structural Brain Diseases: Cardiac Manifestation of Electrical Remodeling in the Brain?
    (American Heart Association, 2021-05-04) Mori, Shusuke; Hori, Atsushi; Turker, Isik; Inaji, Motoki; Bello-Pardo, Erika; Miida, Takashi; Otomo, Yasuhiro; Ai, Tomohiko; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: Abnormal cardiac repolarization is observed in patients with epilepsy and can be associated with sudden death. We investigated whether structural brain abnormalities are correlated with abnormal cardiac repolarizations in patients with seizure or epilepsy. Methods and Results: We retrospectively analyzed and compared 12-lead ECG parameters following seizures between patients with and without structural brain abnormalities. A total of 96 patients were included: 33 women (17 with and 16 without brain abnormality) and 63 men (44 with and 19 without brain abnormality). Brain abnormalities included past stroke, chronic hematoma, remote bleeding, tumor, trauma, and postsurgical state. ECG parameters were comparable for heart rate, PR interval, and QRS duration between groups. In contrast, corrected QT intervals evaluated by Fridericia, Framingham, and Bazett formulas were prolonged in patients with brain abnormality compared with those without (women: Fridericia [normal versus abnormal], 397.4±32.7 versus 470.9±48.9; P=0.002; Framingham, 351.0±40.1 versus 406.2±46.1; P=0.002; Bazett, 423.8±38.3 versus 507.7±56.6; P<0.0001; men: Fridericia, 403.8±30.4 versus 471.0±47.1; P<0.0001; Framingham, 342.7±36.4 versus 409.4±45.8; P<0.0001; Bazett, 439.3±38.6 versus 506.2±56.8; P<0.0001). QT dispersion and Tpeak-Tend intervals were comparable between groups. We also observed abnormal ST-segment elevation in 5 patients. Importantly, no patients showed fatal arrhythmias during or after seizures. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that brain abnormalities can be associated with abnormal cardiac repolarization after seizures, which might be a manifestation of electrophysiological remodeling in the brain.
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    Inkjet-Printed, Flexible Organic Electrochemical Transistors for High-Performance Electrocorticography Recordings
    (American Chemical Society, 2024-08-15) Khoury, Fadi; Saleh, Sahera; Badawe, Heba; Obeid, Makram; Khraiche, Massoud; Neurology, School of Medicine
    Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have emerged as powerful tools for biosignal amplification, including electrocorticography (ECoG). However, their widespread application has been limited by the complexities associated with existing fabrication techniques, restricting accessibility and scalability. Here, we introduce a novel all-planar, all-printed high-performance OECT device that significantly enhances the accuracy and sensitivity of ECoG recordings. Achieved through an innovative three-step drop-on-demand inkjet printing process on flexible substrates, our device offers a rapid response time of 0.5 ms, a compact channel area of 1950 μm2, and is characterized by a transconductance of 11 mS. This process not only simplifies integration but also reduces costs. Our optimized in-plane gate voltage control facilitates operation at peak transconductance, which elevates the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by up to 133%. In vivo evaluations in a rat model of seizure demonstrate the device's performance in recording distinct electrographic phases, surpassing the capabilities of PEDOT:PSS-coated gold-based ultralow impedance passive electrodes, achieving a high SNR of 48 db. Our results underscore the potential of Inkjet-printed OECTs in advancing the accessibility and accuracy of diagnostic tools that could enhance patient care by facilitating timely detection of neurological conditions.
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    Just In Time: Challenges and Opportunities of First Aid Care Information Sharing for Supporting Epileptic Seizure Response
    (Association for Computing Machinery, 2021) Min, Aehong; Miller, Wendy; Rocha, Luis M.; Börner, Katy; Brattig Correia, Rion; Shih, Patrick C.; School of Nursing
    There are over three million people living with epilepsy in the U.S. People with epilepsy experience multiple daily challenges such as seizures, social isolation, social stigma, experience of physical and emotional symptoms, medication side effects, cognitive and memory deficits, care coordination difficulties, and risks of sudden unexpected death. In this work, we report findings collected from 3 focus groups of 11 people with epilepsy and caregivers and 10 follow-up questionnaires. We found that these participants feel that most people do not know how to deal with seizures. To improve others’ abilities to respond safely and appropriately to someone having seizures, people with epilepsy and caregivers would like to share and educate the public about their epilepsy conditions, reduce common misconceptions about seizures and prevent associated stigma, and get first aid help from the public when needed. Considering social stigma, we propose design implications of future technologies for effective delivery of appropriate first aid care information to bystanders around individuals with epilepsy when they experience a seizure.
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    Mapping quantitative trait loci for seizure response to a GABAA receptor inverse agonist in mice
    (Society for Neuroscience, 1999-05-15) Gershenfeld, Howard K.; Neumann, Paul E.; Li, Xiaohua; St. Jean, Pamela L.; Paul, Steven M.; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    To define the genetic contributions affecting individual differences in seizure threshold, a beta carboline [methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (beta-CCM)]-induced model of generalized seizures was genetically dissected in mice. beta-CCM is a GABAA receptor inverse agonist and convulsant. By measuring the latency to generalized seizures after beta-CCM administration to A/J and C57BL6/J mice and their progeny, we estimated a heritability of 0.28 +/- 0.10. A genome wide screen in an F2 population of these parental strains (n = 273) mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on proximal chromosome 7 [logarithm of the likelihood for linkage (LOD) = 3.71] and distal chromosome 10 (LOD = 4.29) for seizure susceptibility, explaining approximately 22 and 25%, respectively, of the genetic variance for this seizure trait. The best fitting logistic regression model suggests that the A/J allele at each locus increases the likelihood of seizures approximately threefold. In a subsequent backcross population (n = 223), we mapped QTLs on distal chromosome 4 (LOD = 2.88) and confirmed the distal chromosome 10 QTLs (LOD = 4.36). In the backcross, the C57BL/6J allele of the chromosome 10 QTL decreases the risk of seizures approximately twofold. These QTLs may ultimately lead to the identification of genes influencing individual differences in seizure threshold in mice and the discovery of novel anticonvulsant agents. The colocalization on distal chromosome 10 of a beta-CCM susceptibility QTL and a QTL for open field ambulation and vertical movement suggests the existence of a single, pleiotropic locus, which we have named Exq1.
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    Predictors of early, recurrent, and intractable seizures in low-grade glioma
    (Oxford University Press, 2020-08-29) Jo, Jasmin; Nevel, Kathryn; Sutyla, Ryan; Smolkin, Mark; Lopes, M. Beatriz; Schif, David; Neurology, School of Medicine
    Background: Seizures are common among patients with low-grade glioma (LGG) and can significantly affect morbidity. We sought to determine the association between the clinical and molecular factors with seizure incidence and refractoriness in LGG patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review at the University of Virginia in patients with LGG (World Health Organization, WHO Grade II) evaluated between 2002 and 2015. Descriptive statistics were calculated for variables of interest, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival curves, which were compared with the log-rank test. Results: A total of 291 patients were included; 254 had molecular testing performed for presence of an isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and/or 1p/19q codeletion. Sixty-eight percent of patients developed seizures prior to LGG diagnosis; 41% of all patients had intractable seizures. Using WHO 2016 integrated classification, there was no significant difference in seizure frequency during preoperative and postoperative periods or in developing intractable seizures, though a trend toward increased preoperative seizure incidence among patients with the IDH mutation was identified (P = .09). Male sex was significantly associated with higher seizure incidence during preoperative (P < .001) and postoperative periods (P < .001); men were also more likely to develop intractable seizures (P = .01). Conclusions: Seizures are common among patients with LGG. Differences in preoperative or postoperative and intractable seizure rates by WHO 2016 classification were not detected. Our data showed a trend toward higher seizure incidence preoperatively in patients with IDH-mutant LGG. We describe a unique association between male sex and seizure incidence and intractability that warrants further study.
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    WDR26 Haploinsufficiency Causes a Recognizable Syndrome of Intellectual Disability, Seizures, Abnormal Gait, and Distinctive Facial Features
    (Elsevier, 2017-07-06) Skraban, Cara M.; Wells, Constance F.; Markose, Preetha; Cho, Megan T.; Nesbitt, Addie I.; Au, P.Y. Billie; Begtrup, Amber; Bernat, John A.; Bird, Lynne M.; Cao, Kajia; de Brouwer, Arjan P.M.; Denenberg, Elizabeth H.; Douglas, Ganka; Gibson, Kristin M.; Grand, Katheryn; Goldenberg, Alice; Innes, A. Micheil; Juusola, Jane; Kempers, Marlies; Kinning, Esther; Markie, David M.; Owens, Martina M.; Payne, Katelyn; Person, Richard; Pfundt, Rolph; Stocco, Amber; Turner, Claire L.S.; Verbeek, Nienke E.; Walsh, Laurence E.; Warner, Taylor C.; Wheeler, Patricia G.; Wieczorek, Dagmar; Wilkens, Alisha B.; Zonneveld-Huijssoon, Evelien; Deciphering Developmental Disorders Study; Kleefstra, Tjitske; Robertson, Stephen P.; Santani, Avni; van Gassen, Koen L.I.; Deardorf, Matthew A.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    We report 15 individuals with de novo pathogenic variants in WDR26. Eleven of the individuals carry loss-of-function mutations, and four harbor missense substitutions. These 15 individuals comprise ten females and five males, and all have intellectual disability with delayed speech, a history of febrile and/or non-febrile seizures, and a wide-based, spastic, and/or stiff-legged gait. These subjects share a set of common facial features that include a prominent maxilla and upper lip that readily reveal the upper gingiva, widely spaced teeth, and a broad nasal tip. Together, these features comprise a recognizable facial phenotype. We compared these features with those of chromosome 1q41q42 microdeletion syndrome, which typically contains WDR26, and noted that clinical features are consistent between the two subsets, suggesting that haploinsufficiency of WDR26 contributes to the pathology of 1q41q42 microdeletion syndrome. Consistent with this, WDR26 loss-of-function single-nucleotide mutations identified in these subjects lead to nonsense-mediated decay with subsequent reduction of RNA expression and protein levels. We derived a structural model of WDR26 and note that missense variants identified in these individuals localize to highly conserved residues of this WD-40-repeat-containing protein. Given that WDR26 mutations have been identified in ∼1 in 2,000 of subjects in our clinical cohorts and that WDR26 might be poorly annotated in exome variant-interpretation pipelines, we would anticipate that this disorder could be more common than currently appreciated.