Browsing by Subject "SARS‐CoV2"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Coinfections with Bacteria, Fungi, and Respiratory Viruses in Patients with SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    (MDPI, 2021-06) Alhumaid, Saad; Al Mutair, Abbas; Al Alawi, Zainab; Alshawi, Abeer M.; Alomran, Salamah A.; Almuhanna, Mohammed S.; Almuslim, Anwar A.; Bu Shafia, Ahmed H.; Alotaibi, Abdullah M.; Ahmed, Gasmelseed Y.; Rabaan, Ali A.; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Al-Omari, Awad; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: Coinfection with bacteria, fungi, and respiratory viruses in SARS-CoV-2 is of particular importance due to the possibility of increased morbidity and mortality. In this meta-analysis, we calculated the prevalence of such coinfections. Methods: Electronic databases were searched from 1 December 2019 to 31 March 2021. Effect sizes of prevalence were pooled with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). To minimize heterogeneity, we performed sub-group analyses. Results: Of the 6189 papers that were identified, 72 articles were included in the systematic review (40 case series and 32 cohort studies) and 68 articles (38 case series and 30 cohort studies) were included in the meta-analysis. Of the 31,953 SARS-CoV-2 patients included in the meta-analysis, the overall pooled proportion who had a laboratory-confirmed bacterial infection was 15.9% (95% CI 13.6–18.2, n = 1940, 49 studies, I2 = 99%, p < 0.00001), while 3.7% (95% CI 2.6–4.8, n = 177, 16 studies, I2 = 93%, p < 0.00001) had fungal infections and 6.6% (95% CI 5.5–7.6, n = 737, 44 studies, I2 = 96%, p < 0.00001) had other respiratory viruses. SARS-CoV-2 patients in the ICU had higher co-infections compared to ICU and non-ICU patients as follows: bacterial (22.2%, 95% CI 16.1–28.4, I2 = 88% versus 14.8%, 95% CI 12.4–17.3, I2 = 99%), and fungal (9.6%, 95% CI 6.8–12.4, I2 = 74% versus 2.7%, 95% CI 0.0–3.8, I2 = 95%); however, there was an identical other respiratory viral co-infection proportion between all SARS-CoV-2 patients [(ICU and non-ICU) and the ICU only] (6.6%, 95% CI 0.0–11.3, I2 = 58% versus 6.6%, 95% CI 5.5–7.7, I2 = 96%). Funnel plots for possible publication bias for the pooled effect sizes of the prevalence of coinfections was asymmetrical on visual inspection, and Egger’s tests confirmed asymmetry (p values < 0.05). Conclusion: Bacterial co-infection is relatively high in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2, with little evidence of S. aureus playing a major role. Knowledge of the prevalence and type of co-infections in SARS-CoV-2 patients may have diagnostic and management implications.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 Among Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19–Like Illness with Infection-Induced or mRNA Vaccine-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Immunity — Nine States, January–September 2021
    (CDC, 2021-11) Bozio, Catherine H.; Grannis, Shaun J.; Naleway, Allison L.; Ong, Toan C.; Butterfield, Kristen A.; DeSilva, Malini B.; Natarajan, Karthik; Yang, Duck-Hye; Rao, Suchitra; Klein, Nicola P.; Irving, Stephanie A.; Dixon, Brian E.; Dascomb, Kristin; Liao, I.-Chia; Reynolds, Sue; McEvoy, Charlene; Han, Jungmi; Reese, Sarah E.; Lewis, Ned; Fadel, William F.; Grisel, Nancy; Murthy, Kempapura; Ferdinands, Jill; Kharbanda, Anupam B.; Mitchell, Patrick K.; Goddard, Kristin; Embi, Peter J.; Arndorfer, Julie; Raiyani, Chandni; Patel, Palak; Rowley, Elizabeth A.; Fireman, Bruce; Valvi, Nimish R.; Griggs, Eric P.; Levy, Matthew E.; Zerbo, Ousseny; Porter, Rachael M.; Birch, Rebecca J.; Blanton, Lenee; Ball, Sarah W.; Steffens, Andrea; Olson, Natalie; Williams, Jeremiah; Dickerson, Monica; McMorrow, Meredith; Schrag, Stephanie J.; Verani, Jennifer R.; Fry, Alicia M.; Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo; Barron, Michelle; Gaglani, Manjusha; Thompson, Mark G.; Stenehjem, Edward; Family Medicine, School of Medicine
    What is already known about this topic? Previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 vaccination can provide immunity and protection against subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection and illness. What is added by this report? Among COVID-19–like illness hospitalizations among adults aged ≥18 years whose previous infection or vaccination occurred 90–179 days earlier, the adjusted odds of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 among unvaccinated adults with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection were 5.49-fold higher than the odds among fully vaccinated recipients of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine who had no previous documented infection (95% confidence interval = 2.75–10.99). What are the implications for public health practice? All eligible persons should be vaccinated against COVID-19 as soon as possible, including unvaccinated persons previously infected with SARS-CoV-2.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Modeling SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins in the CASP‐commons experiment
    (Wiley, 2021-12) Kryshtafovych, Andriy; Moult, John; Billings, Wendy M.; Della Corte, Dennis; Fidelis, Krzysztof; Kwon, Sohee; Olechnovič, Kliment; Seok, Chaok; Venclovas, Česlovas; Won, Jonghun; CASP‐COVID participants; Physics, School of Science
    Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction (CASP) is an organization aimed at advancing the state of the art in computing protein structure from sequence. In the spring of 2020, CASP launched a community project to compute the structures of the most structurally challenging proteins coded for in the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Forty-seven research groups submitted over 3000 three-dimensional models and 700 sets of accuracy estimates on 10 proteins. The resulting models were released to the public. CASP community members also worked together to provide estimates of local and global accuracy and identify structure-based domain boundaries for some proteins. Subsequently, two of these structures (ORF3a and ORF8) have been solved experimentally, allowing assessment of both model quality and the accuracy estimates. Models from the AlphaFold2 group were found to have good agreement with the experimental structures, with main chain GDT_TS accuracy scores ranging from 63 (a correct topology) to 87 (competitive with experiment).
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults: A case in a previously healthy adult
    (Wiley, 2021-10) Motzkus, Christine A.; Whitaker, Nash; Lommel, Jennifer; Pettit, Nicholas; Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine
    A 25-year-old previously healthy female presented to the emergency department (ED) with 5 days of rash, fevers, shortness of breath, and generalized weakness. She had presented to another ED 4 days previously and noted that her rash had improved, but her other symptoms were worsening. She had recovered from COVID-19, confirmed by positive antigen test 5 weeks prior. On ED arrival, she was afebrile and persistently tachycardic to a rate of 120 beats per minute, despite aggressive fluid resuscitation with 3L of IV crystalloid. She was found to have a troponin elevated to 0.06 ng/mL in addition to a d-dimer elevated to 1.42 mcg/mL FEU. She was admitted to the hospital where she developed hypotension requiring vasopressor support and was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a newly reduced ejection fraction of 31%. She was diagnosed with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A). The patient received intravenous immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone 60 mg Q12 hours while admitted. She was discharged on hospital day 3 with a prednisone taper and is currently doing well at her most recent follow-up with infectious disease.