Browsing by Subject "Rotavirus"

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    Rotavirus Strain Trends in United States, 2009-2016: Results from the National Rotavirus Strain Surveillance System (NRSSS)
    (MDPI, 2022-08-15) Mijatovic-Rustempasic, Slavica; Jaimes, Jose; Perkins, Charity; Ward, M. Leanne; Esona, Mathew D.; Gautam, Rashi; Lewis, Jamie; Sturgeon, Michele; Panjwani, Junaid; Bloom, Gail A.; Miller, Steve; Reisdorf, Erik; Riley, Ann Marie; Pence, Morgan A.; Dunn, James; Selvarangan, Rangaraj; Jerris, Robert C.; DeGroat, Dona; Parashar, Umesh D.; Cortese, Margaret M.; Bowen, Michael D.; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine
    Before the introduction of vaccines, group A rotaviruses (RVA) were the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. The National Rotavirus Strain Surveillance System (NRSSS) was established in 1996 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to perform passive RVA surveillance in the USA. We report the distribution of RVA genotypes collected through NRSSS during the 2009-2016 RVA seasons and retrospectively examine the genotypes detected through the NRSSS since 1996. During the 2009-2016 RVA seasons, 2134 RVA-positive fecal specimens were sent to the CDC for analysis of the VP7 and VP4 genes by RT-PCR genotyping assays and sequencing. During 2009-2011, RVA genotype G3P[8] dominated, while G12P[8] was the dominant genotype during 2012-2016. Vaccine strains were detected in 1.7% of specimens and uncommon/unusual strains, including equine-like G3P[8] strains, were found in 1.9%. Phylogenetic analyses showed limited VP7 and VP4 sequence variation within the common genotypes with 1-3 alleles/lineages identified per genotype. A review of 20 years of NRSSS surveillance showed two changes in genotype dominance, from G1P[8] to G3P[8] and then G3P[8] to G12P[8]. A better understanding of the long-term effects of vaccine use on epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of circulating RVA strains requires continued surveillance.
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    Rotaviruses and Noroviruses as Etiological Agents of Acute Intestinal Diseases of Ukrainian Children
    (MDPI, 2022-04-12) Soloviov, Serhii O.; Todosiichuk, Tetiana S.; Kovaliuk, Olena V.; Filippelli, Gabriel M.; Trokhymenko, Olena P.; Dziublyk, Iryna V.; Rodd, Zachary A.; Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Science
    Background: Rotavirus and norovirus infections are the primary viral causes of childhood diarrhea. In Ukraine, the diarrhea-linked infant mortality rate is low, but the number of children infected is quite high. This study examined the rates of rotavirus and norovirus infections throughout Ukraine. Methods: Fecal samples for children admitted to hospitals in six Ukrainian cities (Kyiv, Lviv, Sumy, Odesa, Kharkiv, and Uman) were tested for the presence of rotavirus and norovirus. Results: The overall rate of hospitalized children suffering from diarrhea with confirmed presence of rotavirus or norovirus in fecal samples was significant (20.67% and 27.94%, respectively). Samples obtained from children from Lviv had significantly higher rates of the viruses, and Kyiv and Uman had significantly lower rotavirus or norovirus detection levels than expected. Conclusion: Childhood diarrhea impacts Ukraine significantly. The economic and societal effects of the failure to address this public health issue are indicated by the hospitalization rate of children with preventable illnesses. The geographical disparities in Ukraine for child hospitalizations caused by rotavirus and norovirus infections could result from environmental (sanitary factors or water purity issues) or social factors. Further research is needed to completely characterize infant viral infections in Ukraine.