Browsing by Subject "Risk-taking"

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    A meta-analytic review of the effectiveness of mood inductions in eliciting emotion-based behavioral risk-taking and craving in the laboratory
    (American Psychological Association, 2023) Um, Miji; Revilla, Rebecca; Cyders, Melissa A.; Psychology, School of Science
    Urgency research supports the role of emotions in risk-taking and craving. However, much of this work is based in self-report. It is not yet known whether existing experimental methods can effectively induce emotion-based risk-taking and craving. The present meta-analysis quantified the effectiveness of mood inductions in inducing risk-taking and craving in the laboratory. We also examined potential moderators, including participant factors, changes in emotional arousal, and study design factors. For negative mood inductions, the degree of changes in risk-taking (k = 35, Hedge’s g (SE) = 0.12 (0.04), 95% CI [0.04 – 0.21]) and craving (k = 37, Hedge’s g (SE) = 0.30 (0.06), 95% CI [0.19 – 0.40]) were small. Increases in emotional arousal were significantly related to increases in craving (B* = 0.26). For positive mood inductions, there was no significant change in risk-taking (k = 18, Hedge’s g (SE) = 0.17 (0.11), 95% CI [−0.04 – 0.38]) nor craving (k = 8, Hedge’s g (SE) = −0.10 (0.10), 95% CI [−0.31 – 0.10]); however, false positive feedback produced the largest increase in risk-taking. Study samples using guided imagery produced a moderate decrease in risk-taking. Overall, existing negative mood inductions increased risk-taking and craving in the laboratory to a small degree. Existing positive mood inductions failed to elicit risk-taking or craving, although the literature in this domain was sparser. We suggest that there is a great need to develop and optimize mood induction methods to better study emotion-based risk-taking and craving in the laboratory.
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    Urgency as a predictor of change in emotion dysregulation in adolescents
    (Frontiers Media, 2024-10-03) Fisher-Fox, Lindsey; Whitener, MacKenzie; Wu, Wei; Cyders, Melissa A.; Zapolski, Tamika C. B.; Psychology, School of Science
    Introduction: Adolescence is a key developmental period characterized by increased maladaptive risky behaviors. Two related but distinct constructs, urgency (the tendency to act rashly in response to strong negative or positive emotions) and emotion dysregulation, are important risk factors for engaging in maladaptive risky behaviors. Thus far, research has largely agreed that these two risk factors are highly correlated. However, the causal direction between these constructs is less understood. The goal of the current study is to determine whether urgency predicts emotion dysregulation change among adolescents. Method: This project is an analysis of 544 youth (49.8% female, Mage=14.22, SD=0.52). We tested whether urgency at baseline predicts change in emotion dysregulation over a nine-week period, and whether that relationship differs across boys and girls. Results: Two multigroup latent change score path analyses found that negative, but not positive, urgency significantly predicted emotion dysregulation change (negative urgency: b= -0.57, p=0.001; positive urgency: b=0.22, p=0.06). There was no evidence of moderation by gender. Discussion: This work provides initial evidence of a temporal relationship between higher negative urgency and increased emotion dysregulation. The next step is to determine whether negative urgency imparts risk for maladaptive behaviors through its effect on emotion dysregulation. The long-term goal of this program of research is to design and test interventions to reduce the impact of negative urgency for adolescent risk-taking.