Browsing by Subject "Renal impairment"

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    SAT-512 Severe Hypocalcemia Presenting as Status Epilepticus after Denosumab Use in Metastatic Prostate Cancer
    (Oxford University Press, 2019-04-15) Saeed, Zeb; Aziz, Ammara; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Introduction: Denosumab decreases the incidence of skeletal-related events in patients with metastatic bone disease and is used routinely as part of the therapeutic strategy for various cancers. However, it is associated with a high risk of hypocalcemia with incidence of high-grade hypocalcemia (defined as total calcium < 7mg/dl) as high as 5.1% in patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer. We present a case of severe hypocalcemia presenting with status epilepticus 32 days after administration of denosumab. Case: A 83 year old African American man presented to the emergency room with status epilepticus. Initial labs revealed a critically low calcium (Ca) of <5mg/dl (8.5-10.1) with albumin 2.2 g/dl (3.4-5.0), ionized calcium 1.09 mg/dl (4.6-5.1) and creatinine (Cr) 3.68 mg/dl (0.67-1.17). QTC was prolonged at 544ms (<400ms). He was intubated for airway protection and a continuous infusion of intravenous calcium gluconate was initiated. Three months prior, he had been diagnosed with prostate cancer with diffuse osteoblastic metastases to his ribs, cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, right humerus and bilateral iliac bones. He received a first dose of conventional chemotherapy and 120mg denosumab subcutaneously 32 days prior to hospital admission. Lab investigations then were pertinent for Ca of 9 mg/dl, Cr 1.46 mg/dl, and alkaline phosphatase 362 Units/L (25-125). A 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-D) was not checked. Further evaluation demonstrated intact parathyroid hormone 677.2 pg/ml (18.4-80.1), alkaline phosphatase 397 Units/L, phosphorus 3.6 mg/dl (2.5-4.9) and 25-D 18 ng/ml (30-100). He was also found to have metastatic obstruction of both ureters which had resulted in acute kidney injury. He was slowly weaned off the intravenous calcium and started on calcitriol 2mcg twice daily, 4 gram elemental calcium daily via feeding tube and cholecalciferol 6000 units daily. Calcium levels remained stable at 8.0-8.5mg/dl on this regimen. Given the extensive metastatic disease, the patient’s family elected to pursue hospice care, and he passed away 9 days later. Conclusion: Patients with osteoblastic metastases and renal impairment are at particularly increased risk of hypocalcemia after denosumab, which can be potentially life-threatening. Physicians caring for patients with metastatic prostate cancer should ensure that vitamin D levels are replete and calcium levels are normal prior to administration of denosumab, monitor calcium levels closely, and counsel them about the signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia to allow prompt diagnosis and treatment.
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    Severe cibenzoline toxicity in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy successfully managed with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation — A case report
    (Elsevier, 2025-02-26) Yagasaki, Hiroto; Suzuki, Takeki; Watanabe, Keitaro; Warita, Shunichiro; Iwama, Makoto; Noda, Toshiyuki; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Cibenzoline (CBZ), a class I antiarrhythmic drug, is used for patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). However, it requires careful monitoring in patients with renal dysfunction for potential toxicity. We present a case of severe CBZ toxicity in a 72-year-old woman with HOCM, previous ascending aortic dissection repair, and renal dysfunction. She was maintained on CBZ 300 mg daily despite fluctuating renal function. She presented with acute respiratory distress. On presentation, she was found to have bradycardia with QRS prolongation (340 ms) and markedly elevated CBZ levels (1973 ng/mL, therapeutic range: 200-800 ng/mL). She developed sudden cardiac arrest in the emergency room. Following cardiac arrest, venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) was initiated. Direct hemoperfusion yielded minimal reduction in CBZ levels. With increased urine output, CBZ levels normalized, accompanied by electrocardiographic improvement. After VA-ECMO withdrawal, percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) was performed as definitive treatment to eliminate CBZ dependency. This case illustrates the complex interaction between HOCM, renal impairment, and CBZ toxicity, emphasizing the importance of careful drug monitoring in patients with renal impairment. Additionally, it demonstrates the potential role of PTSMA as a definitive treatment for selected patients with HOCM at high risk of medication-related complications. Learning objectives: •Understand the pharmacokinetics of cibenzoline and its need for monitoring in elderly patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) and impaired renal function.•Recognize the mechanisms of cibenzoline toxicity and its acute management strategies, including mechanical circulatory support and direct hemoperfusion.•Identify the acute management strategies and long-term treatment options for complications arising from medical therapy in patients with HOCM.