Browsing by Subject "Religiosity"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Civic Morality: Democracy and Social Good
    (Springer, 2023) Herzog, Patricia Snell
    This chapter reviews the concept of civic morality and its role in democracy. The first section defines civic morality, including what it is as well as what it is not. Simply stated, civic morality is the belief that one should engage in efforts to promote social and public goods along with actions intended to promote the wellbeing of others beyond the self. These are neither solely personal individual beliefs that are not publicly shared nor government prescribed public acts. Second, the chapter explains why civic morality matters. Importance includes its role in fostering a social lubricant to collective action, trust in people and social institutions, and democratic participation. The third section summarizes major approaches to the study of civic morality. Interdisciplinary studies are best categorized across the levels of their units of analysis: micro, meso, and macro. Key takeaways are offered based on the findings of existing studies about the relationship of civic morality and other important social phenomena. Reviewed findings are related to philanthropy and generosity, generational changes and youth, socioeconomic inequalities, religiosity and culture, and social norms.
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    Global Studies of Religiosity and Spirituality: A Systematic Review for Geographic and Topic Scopes
    (MDPI, 2020-08) Herzog, Patricia Snell
    This paper advances the global study of religiosity by conducting a systematic review of the geographic scope, religious traditions, levels of analysis, and topics investigated within contemporary scientific studies of religion, paying particular attention to intersections with generosity. The analysis builds upon a meta-analysis of 30 years of scientific studies of religion that was published ten years ago and engages a similar framework to analyze the most recent ten years of research on religiosity and spirituality. Specifically, this analysis codes for the potential for Western-centrism, Christian-centrism, and congregational-centrism, all while attending to ways to study the potential intersection between religiosity and generosity, especially during the formative youth development life stage. Two data sources inform this analysis: the international data catalog of the Association for Religious Research Archives (ARDA) and the Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion (JSSR). The results indicate that centrism remains, though perhaps to a lesser extent than in the previous decades, with the notable exception of a remaining inequality in the geographic scope. Implications for research are discussed, including practical implications to implementing a better geo-tagging process to more overtly identify the scope of data and make U.S. scope less implicit.
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    Religiosity and Cross-Country Differences in Trade Credit Use
    (2020) Chen, Feng; Chen, Xiaolin; Tan, Weiqiang; Zheng, Lin
    Using the firm-level data over 1989-2012 from 53 countries, we find religiosity in a country is positively associated with trade credit use by local firms. Specifically, after controlling for firm- and country-level factors as well as industry and year effects, we show that trade credit use is higher in more religious countries. Moreover, both creditor rights and social trust in a country enhance the positive association between religiosity and trade credit use, while the quality of national-level disclosure mitigates the aforementioned positive association. These results are robust to alternative measures of religiosity, alternative sampling requirements, and potential endogeneity concerns.
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    Religiosity and Generosity: Multi-Level Approaches to Studying the Religiousness of Prosocial Actions
    (MDPI, 2020-09) Herzog, Patricia Snell; Strohmeier, Amy; King, David P.; Khader, Rafia A.; Williams, Andrew L.; Goodwin, Jamie L.; Doan, Dana R. H.; Moyo, Bhekinkosi
    This paper provides a meta-analysis of the intersection of (a) religiosity and spirituality with (b) generosity, philanthropy, nonprofits, and prosociality. The study is informed by three informational sources, chronologically: (1) informational interviews with scholars and practitioners based within and studying regions outside of the U.S. and Western Europe; (2) discovery search of purposefully selected extant publications, especially focusing on the last decade of contemporary scholarship; and (3) systematic search of relevant peer-reviewed publication outlets since 2010. Reviewed publications are categorized by level of analysis into macro, meso, and micro approaches. Across each level and source, publications are also geo-tagged for their geographic scope. Particular attention is paid to the under-studied world regions of Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. The results reveal that Asia is the most studied and Latin America the least studied, and that meso-level approaches are the most common while micro-level are the least common. Additionally, a map of publication counts reveals within-region inequalities by country. Implications of the analysis are drawn for future studies, particularly ways to advance this interdisciplinary field.
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    Studying Religiosity and Spirituality: A Review of Macro, Micro, and Meso-Level Approaches
    (MDPI, 2020-09) Herzog, Patricia Snell; King, David P.; Khader, Rafia A.; Strohmeier, Amy; Williams, Andrew L.
    This paper seeks to advance the global study of religiosity and spirituality by conducting a meta-analysis of major approaches in the field. While the field, and thus the collected publications, are dominated by Western approaches, particular attention is paid in this analysis to publications from geographies that are not from the United States or Western Europe, especially these world regions: Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Similarly, while the study of religiosity is considerably centered around Christianity, this analysis extends beyond Christianity, to the extent possible in extant studies, to include publications investigating other world religious traditions, such as African spirituality, African witchcraft, Afro-Caribbean religious traditions, Buddhism, Confucianism, folk religions, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, Mormonism, Neo-paganism, New Religious Movements (NRMs), Shamanism, Sikhism, Spiritism, Taoism, and spirituality generally. A total of 530 publications were reviewed, and the studies are categorized by unit of analysis into: Macro, micro, and meso-level. Measurement constructs include religious demography, culture, belonging, behaving, believing, bonding, religious salience, spiritual identities, religious networks, occupations, congregations, denominations, and faith-based organizations. Non-Western sources and approaches are analyzed toward furthering future research in under-studied world regions. Implications are drawn for the field, such as the need to geo-code publications at the country level.
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    Youth Philanthropy: Studying Potential for Inequalities in Outcomes
    (IU Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, 2025-05-15) Herzog, Patricia Snell; Dillman, Brie; Park, Shinyoung; Penman, Natalie; Housemyer, John
    This report shares results from a study of youth philanthropy. Findings from a prior analysis in this series indicated that the program fosters positive youth outcomes. Data are from a youth philanthropy program that is currently hosted within 12 community organizations located in 10 US states. Youth participate for two years as juniors and seniors in high school, and the outcome data are collected annually upon youth graduating from the program at the end of the second year. This report is based on youth surveys collected to date (n=180). The goal of the current study is to assess answers to this research question: Are there inequalities in youth philanthropy outcomes? This report presents two types of answers to this question. First, the analysis focuses on whether and how youth outcomes vary across social and demographic characteristics, such as gender, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, parental marital status, religiosity, technology usage, and activity engagement. Second, the analysis focuses on whether and how youth outcomes vary across programs and cohorts. This includes the program’s state and region (program analysis) and the years in which youth completed the program (cohort analysis). Results indicate that there are not yet detectable differences by program or cohort. There are outcome differences by social and decision comfort, religious service attendance frequency, and parental closeness.