Browsing by Subject "Reliability"
Now showing 1 - 10 of 15
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Cultural Adaptation of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition for use in Kenyan Children Aged 18–36 Months: A Psychometric Study(Elsevier, 2021) McHenry, Megan S.; Oyungu, Eren; Yang, Ziyi; Hines, Abbey C.; Ombitsa, Ananda R.; Vreeman, Rachel C.; Abubakar, Amina; Monahan, Patrick O.; Pediatrics, School of MedicineBackground: The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition (Bayley-III) is frequently used in international child development research. No studies examine its psychometric properties when culturally adapted within the Kenyan context. Aims: To culturally adapt the Bayley-III for use in Kenya and evaluate its validity and reliability. Methods and procedures: Forward and backward translation, cognitive interviews, and a brief pilot of culturally adapted items were performed. This psychometric study was part of another study on children born to mothers with HIV in Eldoret, Kenya. One hundred seventy-two children aged 18-36 months were assessed for cognition, receptive/expressive communication, and fine/gross motor domains using the Bayley-III. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), inter-scale Pearson correlations, internal consistency, t-tests, and test-retest reliability were performed. Outcomes and results: The mean age of children was 22.8 (SD 4.5) months old; 52.7 % (n = 89) were male. CFA revealed that both two- and three-factor indices had good and comparable fit. Pearson correlations were high between fine motor and receptive communication (r >0.70). Internal consistency was very strong for all of the subtests, with Cronbach coefficient alpha scores ranging from 0.88 to 0.96. Known groups/convergent validity was confirmed with stunting and parental concern for delays. Test-retest reliability was good and did not differ substantially across groups. Conclusions and implications: The Kenyan adapted Bayley-III is a psychometrically acceptable tool to assess child development. The scaled and composite scores should not be used to define Kenyan developmental norms, but it can be useful for comparing groups within research settings.Item DAG-based Task Orchestration for Edge Computing(IEEE, 2022) Li, Xiang; Abdallah, Mustafa; Suryavansh, Shikhar; Chiang, Mung; Bagchi, Saurabh; Engineering Technology, Purdue School of Engineering and TechnologyEdge computing promises to exploit underlying computation resources closer to users to help run latency-sensitive applications such as augmented reality and video analytics. However, one key missing piece has been how to incorporate personally owned, unmanaged devices into a usable edge computing system. The primary challenges arise due to the heterogeneity, lack of interference management, and unpredictable availability of such devices. In this paper we propose an orchestration framework IBDASH, which orchestrates application tasks on an edge system that comprises a mix of commercial and personal edge devices. IBDASH targets reducing both end-to-end latency of execution and probability of failure for applications that have dependency among tasks, captured by directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). IBDASH takes memory constraints of each edge device and network bandwidth into consideration. To assess the effectiveness of IBDASH, we run real application tasks on real edge devices with widely varying capabilities. We feed these measurements into a simulator that runs IBDASH at scale. Compared to three state-of-the-art edge orchestration schemes and two intuitive baselines, IBDASH reduces the end-to-end latency and probability of failure, by 14% and 41% on average respectively. The main takeaway from our work is that it is feasible to combine personal and commercial devices into a usable edge computing platform, one that delivers low and predictable latency and high availability.Item Delirium diagnosis defined by cluster analysis of symptoms versus diagnosis by DSM and ICD criteria: diagnostic accuracy study(BioMed Central, 2016-05-26) Sepulveda, Esteban; Franco, Jose G.; Trzepacz, Paula T.; Gaviria, Ana M.; Meagher, David J.; Palma, Jose; Viñuelas, Eva; Grau, Imma; Vilella, Elisabet; de Pablo, Joan; Department of Psychiatry, IU School of MedicineBACKGROUND: Information on validity and reliability of delirium criteria is necessary for clinicians, researchers, and further developments of DSM or ICD. We compare four DSM and ICD delirium diagnostic criteria versions, which were developed by consensus of experts, with a phenomenology-based natural diagnosis delineated using cluster analysis of delirium features in a sample with a high prevalence of dementia. We also measured inter-rater reliability of each system when applied by two evaluators from distinct disciplines. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of 200 consecutive patients admitted to a skilled nursing facility, independently assessed within 24-48 h after admission with the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 (DRS-R98) and for DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, DSM-5, and ICD-10 criteria for delirium. Cluster analysis (CA) delineated natural delirium and nondelirium reference groups using DRS-R98 items and then diagnostic systems' performance were evaluated against the CA-defined groups using logistic regression and crosstabs for discriminant analysis (sensitivity, specificity, percentage of subjects correctly classified by each diagnostic system and their individual criteria, and performance for each system when excluding each individual criterion are reported). Kappa Index (K) was used to report inter-rater reliability for delirium diagnostic systems and their individual criteria. RESULTS: 117 (58.5 %) patients had preexisting dementia according to the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly. CA delineated 49 delirium subjects and 151 nondelirium. Against these CA groups, delirium diagnosis accuracy was highest using DSM-III-R (87.5 %) followed closely by DSM-IV (86.0 %), ICD-10 (85.5 %) and DSM-5 (84.5 %). ICD-10 had the highest specificity (96.0 %) but lowest sensitivity (53.1 %). DSM-III-R had the best sensitivity (81.6 %) and the best sensitivity-specificity balance. DSM-5 had the highest inter-rater reliability (K =0.73) while DSM-III-R criteria were the least reliable. CONCLUSIONS: Using our CA-defined, phenomenologically-based delirium designations as the reference standard, we found performance discordance among four diagnostic systems when tested in subjects where comorbid dementia was prevalent. The most complex diagnostic systems have higher accuracy and the newer DSM-5 have higher reliability. Our novel phenomenological approach to designing a delirium reference standard may be preferred to guide revisions of diagnostic systems in the future.Item Development and Validation of the Patient/Caregiver Reported Hydroxyurea Evaluation of Adherence for Life (HEAL) Scale(Dove Press, 2022-12-10) Janson, Isaac A.; Bloom, Ellen M.; Hampton, Kisha C.; Riehm Meier, Emily; Rampersad, Angeli G.; Kronenberger, William G.; Psychiatry, School of MedicineIntroduction: Hydroxyurea reduces the incidence of vaso-occlusive episodes, stroke, and respiratory, cardiac, and renal damage in sickle cell disease by increasing fetal hemoglobin. However, because suboptimal adherence to hydroxyurea limits its effectiveness, understanding patient-specific barriers to hydroxyurea adherence could help improve adherence and health outcomes in patients with sickle cell disease. The aim of this single-site, prospective, IRB-approved study was to validate a 24-item patient- and caregiver-reported hydroxyurea treatment adherence questionnaire, the Hydroxyurea Evaluation of Adherence for Life (HEAL) scale. Methods: A sample of 24 adults with sickle cell disease and 16 caregivers of children with sickle cell disease completed the HEAL scale, and a subset of the original sample provided a second HEAL scale for test-retest reliability. HEAL scale results were validated against global adherence ratings from participants and health-care providers, records of access to pill bottles, and laboratory values for fetal hemoglobin and absolute neutrophil count. Results and discussion: Results demonstrated excellent internal consistency for the HEAL Total score and eight (3-item) subscale scores (Dose, Remember, Plan, Cost, Understand, Effectiveness, Laboratory, and Pharmacy), as well as strong test-retest reliability for all HEAL scores except the Cost subscale. HEAL Total scores correlated significantly with validity measures, including global adherence ratings and lab values. The HEAL scale offers significant clinical potential for understanding adherence in individual sickle cell disease patients and significant research potential for characterizing adherence in persons with sickle cell disease who are treated with hydroxyurea.Item Envelope Method for Time- and Space-Dependent Reliability Prediction(ASCE-ASME, 2022-12) Wu, Hao; Du, Xiaoping; Mechanical and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and TechnologyReliability can be predicted by a limit-state function, which may vary with time and space. This work extends the envelope method for a time-dependent limit-state function to a time- and space-dependent limit-state function. The proposed method uses the envelope function of time- and space-dependent limit-state function. It at first searches for the most probable point (MPP) of the envelope function using the sequential efficient global optimization in the domain of the space and time under consideration. Then the envelope function is approximated by a quadratic function at the MPP for which analytic gradient and Hessian matrix of the envelope function are derived. Subsequently, the second-order saddlepoint approximation method is employed to estimate the probability of failure. Three examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The method can efficiently produce an accurate reliability prediction when the MPP is within the domain of the space and time under consideration.Item Heritability estimation of reliable connectome features(2018) Xie, Linhui; Salama, Paul; Shen, Li; Yan, Jingwen; Rizkalla, Maher; Ben Miled, ZinaBrain imaging genetics is an emerging research field aimed at studying the underlying genetic architecture of brain structure and function by utilizing different imaging modalities. However, not all the changes in the brain are a direct result of the genetic effect. Furthermore, the imaging phenotypes are promising for genetic analyses are usually unknown. In this thesis, we focus on identifying highly heritable measures of structural brain networks derived from Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance imaging data. Using data for twins that is made available by the Human Connectome Project (HCP), the reliability of edge-level measures, namely fractional anisotropy, fiber length, and fiber number in the structural connectome, as well as seven network-level measures, specifically assortativity coefficient, local efficiency, modularity, transitivity, cluster coefficient, global efficiency, and characteristic path length, were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients. In addition, estimates of the heritability of the reliable measures were also obtained. It was observed that across all 64,620 network edges between 360 brain regions in the Glasser parcellation, approximately 5% were significantly high heritability based on fractional anisotropy, fiber length, or fiber number. Moreover, all tested network level measures, that capture network integrity, segregation, or resilience, were found to be highly heritable, having a variance ranging from 59% to 77% that is attributable to an additive genetic effect.Item Heritability Estimation of Reliable Connectomic Features*(Springer Nature, 2018-09) Xie, Linhui; Amico, Enrico; Salama, Paul; Wu, Yu-chien; Fang, Shiaofen; Sporns, Olaf; Saykin, Andrew J.; Goñi, Joaquín; Yan, Jingwen; Shen, Li; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of MedicineBrain imaging genetics is an emerging research field to explore the underlying genetic architecture of brain structure and function measured by different imaging modalities. However, not all the changes in the brain are a consequential result of genetic effect and it is usually unknown which imaging phenotypes are promising for genetic analyses. In this paper, we focus on identifying highly heritable measures of structural brain networks derived from diffusion weighted imaging data. Using the twin data from the Human Connectome Project (HCP), we evaluated the reliability of fractional anisotropy measure, fiber length and fiber number of each edge in the structural connectome and seven network level measures using intraclass correlation coefficients. We then estimated the heritability of those reliable network measures using SOLAR-Eclipse software. Across all 64,620 network edges between 360 brain regions in the Glasser parcellation, we observed ~5% of them with significantly high heritability in fractional anisotropy, fiber length or fiber number. All the tested network level measures, capturing the network integrality, segregation or resilience, are highly heritable, with variance explained by the additive genetic effect ranging from 59% to 77%.Item Managing trust and reliability for indoor tracking systems(2016) Rybarczyk, Ryan Thomas; Raje, RajeevIndoor tracking is a challenging problem. The level of accepted error is on a much smaller scale than that of its outdoor counterpart. While the global positioning system has become omnipresent, and a widely accepted outdoor tracking system it has limitations in indoor environments due to loss or degradation of signal. Many attempts have been made to address this challenge, but currently none have proven to be the de-facto standard. In this thesis, we introduce the concept of opportunistic tracking in which tracking takes place with whatever sensing infrastructure is present – static or mobile, within a given indoor environment. In this approach many of the challenges (e.g., high cost, infeasible infrastructure deployment, etc.) that prohibit usage of existing systems in typical application domains (e.g., asset tracking, emergency rescue) are eliminated. Challenges do still exist when it comes to provide an accurate positional estimate of an entities location in an indoor environment, namely: sensor classification, sensor selection, and multi-sensor data fusion. We propose an enhanced tracking framework that through the infusion of QoS-based selection criteria of trust and reliability we can improve the overall accuracy of the tracking estimate. This improvement is predicated on the introduction of learning techniques to classify sensors that are dynamically discovered as part of this opportunistic tracking approach. This classification allows for sensors to be properly identified and evaluated based upon their specific behavioral characteristics through performance evaluation. This in-depth evaluation of sensors provides the basis for improving the sensor selection process. A side effect of obtaining this improved accuracy is the cost, found in the form of system runtime. This thesis provides a solution for this tradeoff between accuracy and cost through an optimization function that analyzes this tradeoff in an effort to find the optimal subset of sensors to fulfill the goal of tracking an object as it moves indoors. We demonstrate that through this improved sensor classification, selection, data fusion, and tradeoff optimization we can provide an improvement, in terms of accuracy, over other existing indoor tracking systems.Item Markov Additive Processes for Degradation with Jumps under Dynamic Environments(National Science Foundation, 2021) Shu, Yin; Feng, Qianmei; Kao, Edward P. C.; Coit, David W.; Liu, Hao; Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of MedicineWe use general Markov additive processes (Markov modulated Lévy processes) to integrally handle the complexity of degradation including internally- and externally-induced stochastic properties with complex jump mechanisms. The background component of the Markov additive process is a Markov chain defined on a finite state space; the additive component evolves as a Lévy subordinator under a certain background state, and may have instantaneous nonnegative jumps occurring at the time the background state switches. We derive the Fokker-Planck equations for such Markov modulated processes, based on which we derive Laplace expressions for reliability function and lifetime moments, represented by the infinitesimal generator matrices of Markov chain and the Lévy measure of Lévy subordinator. The superiority of our models is their flexibility in modeling degradation data with jumps under dynamic environments. Numerical experiments are used to demonstrate that our general models perform well.Item Preliminary Validation of the Injustice Experience Questionnaire in Patients with Advanced Cancer(Elsevier, 2023) Secinti, Ekin; Snyder, Stella; Wu, Wei; Mosher, Catherine E.; Psychology, School of ScienceContext: When diagnosed with advanced cancer, patients may perceive their situation as an injustice. The Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ) is a 12-item measure of perceived unfairness originally developed for patients with chronic pain. The factor structure, reliability, and validity of the IEQ in patients with cancer have not been assessed. Objectives: To examine the factor structure, internal consistency, and construct validity of the IEQ in patients with advanced cancer. Methods: Patients with advanced lung or prostate cancer (N = 201) were recruited from academic and public clinics in Indianapolis, IN. Patients completed the 12-item IEQ and other measures of psychological processes and distress. IEQ instructions were modified to focus on cancer-related perceived injustice. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the dimensionality of the measure. Internal consistency reliability and construct validity were examined. Results: CFA showed that the original IEQ's 2-factor structure had an adequate fit (RMSEA = 0.07, CFI = 0.96, SRMR = 0.05). The factors included Severity/irreparability and Blame/unfairness. Internal consistency was excellent (α = 0.92, ω = 0.94). The IEQ showed significant positive associations with physical and psychological symptoms (rs = 0.20 - 0.65, Ps < 0.05). The IEQ also showed significant negative associations with quality of life and acceptance of cancer (rs=-0.51 - -0.46, Ps < 0.05). Conclusion: Findings provide preliminary support for using the IEQ in patients with advanced cancer. Future research should assess the sensitivity of the IEQ to change in an interventional context.